| 1. |
- Förlin, Lars, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiological studies indicate a cause-effect relationship between pulp mill effluent exposure and male-biased sex ratios in fish.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Platform presentation at the 5th International Conference on Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper mill Effluents. Seattle, Washington, June 1-4, 2003. Extended abstract published in: Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Environmental Fate and Effects Conference Proceedings. Ed. D. Borton, T.J. Hall, R.P. Fischer and J.F. Fischer. DEStech Publications, Inc., Lancaster. - Lancaster : DEStech Publ, Inc. ; , s. 48-54, s. 48-54
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Gunnarsson, Lina-Maria, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of six different sewage treatment processes-Reduction of estrogenic substances and effects on gene expression in exposed male fish
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 407:19, s. 5235-5242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treated sewage effluents often contain a mixture of estrogenic compounds in low concentrations. The total combined activity of these, however, may be sufficiently high to affect the reproduction of aquatic vertebrates. The introduction of advanced treatment technologies has been suggested as a way to remove micro-contaminants, including estrogenic substances. In this study, one municipal influent was treated with six different processes in parallel on a semi-large scale in order to assess their potential to reduce substances that could contribute to estrogenic effects in male fish. The effluent from a conventional, activated sludge treatment line was compared to a similarly treated effluent with a final sand-filtering step. The addition of ozonation (15 g O-3/m(3)). a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) or both in combination was also evaluated. There was also a separate treatment line that was based on a membrane bioreactor. A small battery of hepatic estrogen-responsive genes was measured in the exposed fish using quantitative PCR. Concentrations of steroid estrogens and estrogenic phenols in the effluents were measured by GC-ECNI-MS. The ozonated effluents were the only tested effluents for which all measured biological effects in exposed fish were removed. Chemical data suggested that the MBBR technology was equally effective in removing the analyzed estrogens; however, elevated expression of estrogen-responsive genes suggested that some estrogenic substances were still present in the effluent. The membrane bioreactor removed most of the measured estrogens and it reduced the induction of the estrogen-responsive genes. However, fish exposed to this effluent had significantly enlarged livers. Given that the same influent was treated in parallel with a broad set of technologies and that the chemical analyses were combined with an in vivo assessment of estrogenic responses, this study provides valuable input into the assessment of advanced treatment processes for removing estrogenic substances.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Ethinyloestradiol – an undesired fish contraceptive?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 45:2-3, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental oestrogens are natural or synthetic substances present in the environment, which imitate the effects of endogenous oestrogen. Oestrogenic substances were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in effluent water from a Swedish sewage treatment works receiving mainly domestic wastewater. Substances found include the synthetic oestrogen used in contraceptives 17 alpha-ethinyloestradiol (4.5 ng l(-1)), the natural oestrogens oestrone (5.8 ng l(-1)) and 17 beta-oestradiol (1.1 ng l(-1)), and the weaker non-steroidal oestrogens 4-nonylphenol (840 ng l(-1)) and bisphenol A (490 ng l(-1)). Ethinyloestradiol exceeded levels shown to be oestrogenic to fish by 45 times. The oestrogenicity of the effluent water was investigated by introducing juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in cages downstream of the sewage treatment works. After 2 weeks, all oestrogens indicated were present in the bile of the fish, and the oestrogen inducible protein, vitellogenin, was found in large amounts in the plasma (1.5 mg ml(-1)), as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Thus, a widely used synthetic oestrogen affects the endocrine systems of fish exposed to sewage effluent water.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, D. G. Joakim, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking of 157 pharmaceuticals according to their probability to affect aquatic wildlife based on local use, mechanisms of action, human potencies and ability to bioaccumulate.
- 2007
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 17th Annual meeting, May 20-24, 2007, Porto, Portugal. ; , s. 36 (MT08-6)
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Stephensen, Eiríkur, et al.
(författare)
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Biomarker responses and chemical analyses in fish indicate leakage of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other compounds from car tire rubber
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 22:12, s. 2926-2931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rubber tire material contains toxic compounds including oils rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), so-called highly aromatic (HA) oils, as well as other reactive additives used as antioxidants, antiozonants, and vulcanization accelerators. The toxicity of rubber tire leachates to aquatic organisms has been demonstrated before. However, previous Studies have focused on lethal rather than sublethal effects. We kept rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in tanks with two types of fires: a tire containing HA oils in the tread or a tire free of HA oils in the tread. After 1 d of exposure. an induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) was evident in both exposed groups, measured as elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels. After two weeks of exposure, EROD activity and CYP1A1 mRNA were still high in fish exposed to leachate from HA oil-containing tire, whereas the effect was somewhat lower in fish exposed to leachate from HA oil-free tread tire. Compounds in the tire leachates also affected antioxidant parameters. Total glutathione concentration in liver as well as hepatic glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were markedly elevated after two weeks of exposure in both groups. The responses were greater in the group exposed to leachate from HA oil-free tread tire. Vitellogenin measurements did not indicate leakage of estrogenic compounds from the tires. Chemical analyses of bile from exposed fish revealed the presence of hydroxylated PAH as well as aromatic nitrogen compounds indicating uptake of these compounds by the fish.
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