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- Blomberg, Anders, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the barnacle Balanus improvisus as a potent invertebrate monitoring system in marine ecotoxicogenomics
- 2009
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Ingår i: SETAC Europe 19th Annual Meeting Abstract Book, Göteborg 31 May - 4 June, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for potent invertebrate systems for assessing the impacts of environmental contaminants on marine ecosystems. Balanus improvisus, a marine athropod, has a number of promising characteristics that make it a good candidate in such efforts. We have conducted sequencing of a cDNA library from the cyprid larval stage and identified several detoxification systems as well as novel B. improvisus specific genes. To investigate the toxicological gene expression response in this organism, we performed a short-term exposure experiment of the cyprid larvae to two different biofouling substances. From a natural population of B. improvisus, 300 - 1000 cyprids were treated for 23 hours with 390nM CuO or with two different concentrations (10nM or 10μM) of meditomidine. Protein expression changes were studied by 2D-PAGE analysis after DIGE labelling. For gene expression analysis by DNA miroarrays total RNA was extracted and used for cDNA and cRNA/aRNA templates. Roughly 2000 B. improvisus genes were studied represented by 3000 different probes on the arrays (each in duplicates). Candidate genes were confirmed by qPCR. A number of protein expression changes were detected on the 2D gels as a result of the different treatments. Interestingly, the response to the different treatments clearly formed distinct groups in principle component analysis. The DNA microarray analysis revealed several genes as toxicity indicators, e.g. various heat shock proteins, some proteases and factors involved in regulatory processes (transcription factors). Our data indicate that B. improvisus may serve as a tool to evaluate the impacts of marine pollution, and thus to fill the niche as an important invertebrate marine model organism for ecotoxicology and environmental genomics.
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| 3. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Carbonyl reductase mRNA abundance and enzymatic activity as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress in marine fish
- 2012
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Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 80, s. 56-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is an enzyme involved in protection from oxidative stress. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), the hepatic mRNA abundance of the two isoforms (A and B) is increased after exposure to treated sewage effluents, as well as after exposure with beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) and the pro-oxidant paraquat In this study, we show that the same chemicals similarly increase the single known hepatic CBR mRNA level and CBR catalytic activity in the coastal living eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Hepatic CBR mRNA abundance and catalytic activity were also compared between eelpout collected at contaminated and reference sites on the Swedish west coast, but no differences were observed. In conclusion, CBR is a potential biomarker candidate for monitoring the exposure and effects of AhR agonists and/or pro-oxidants in the marine environment, but more research is needed to investigate temporal regulation as well as dose dependency for different chemicals. The mRNA and enzymatic assays presented in this study provide two additional tools for researchers interested in expanding their biomarker battery. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA in rainbow trout downstream from sewage treatment works--possible roles of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and oxidative stress.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 97:3, s. 243-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD) serves both as a key enzyme in the gonadal synthesis of maturing-inducing hormone in salmonids, and as an enzyme protecting against certain reactive oxygen species. We have previously shown that mRNA of the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD B isoform is increased in rainbow trout caged downstream from a Swedish sewage treatment plant. Here, we report an increase of both the A as well as B form in fish kept downstream from a second sewage treatment plant. The two mRNAs were also induced in fish hepatoma cells in vitro after exposure to effluent extract. This indicates that the effects observed in vivo could be a direct effect on the liver, i.e. the mRNA induction does not require a signal from any other organ. When fish were exposed in vivo to several effluents treated with more advanced methods (ozone, moving bed biofilm reactor or membrane bioreactor) the expression of hepatic mRNA CR/20beta-HSD A and B was significantly reduced. Their abundance did not parallel the reduction of estrogen-responsive transcripts, in agreement with our previous observations that ethinylestradiol is not a potent inducer. Treatment with norethisterone, methyltestosterone or hydrocortisone in vivo did not induce the hepatic CR/20beta-HSD A and B mRNA expression. In contrast, both isoforms were markedly induced by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist beta-naphthoflavone as well as by the pro-oxidant herbicide paraquat. We hypothesize that the induction of CR/20beta-HSD A and B by sewage effluents could be due to anthropogenic contaminants stimulating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or causing oxidative stress.
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| 6. |
- Albertsson, Eva, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic analyses indicate induction of hepatic carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase B in rainbow trout exposed to sewage effluent.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. - : Elsevier BV. - 0147-6513. ; 68:1, s. 33-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteomic analyses were performed to identify regulated liver proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caged upstream and downstream from a sewage treatment works (STW). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analysis and FT-ICR mass-spectrometry revealed four regulated protein spots. The three down-regulated spots contained betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and an unidentified protein respectively. The only up-regulated spot consisted of both mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit and carbonyl reductase/20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (CR/20beta-HSD). Further studies using quantitative PCR revealed a 13.5-fold induction of CR/20beta-HSD B mRNA following STW effluent exposure. The CR/20beta-HSD B gene was not regulated by 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, suggesting that its induction downstream from the STW is due to other factors than exposure to estrogens. Image analysis was initially performed on four gels from each group. These analyses suggested 15 regulated spots. However, validation of the 15 spots by increasing the number of replicates confirmed only four regulated spots. Hence, the present study also demonstrates the need for sufficient biological/technical replication in the interpretation of proteomic data.
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| 9. |
- Asker, Noomi, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic transcriptome profiling indicates differential mRNA expression of apoptosis and immune related genes in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) caught at Göteborg harbor, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 130-131, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physiology and reproductive performance of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) have been monitored along the Swedish coast for more than three decades. In this study, transcriptomic profiling was applied for the first time as an exploratory tool to search for new potential candidate biomarkers and to investigate possible stress responses in fish collected from a chronically polluted area. An oligonucleotide microarray with more than 15,000 sequences was used to assess differentially expressed hepatic mRNA levels in female eelpout collected from the contaminated area at Göteborg harbor compared to fish from a national reference site, Fjällbacka. Genes involved in apoptosis and DNA damage (e.g., SMAC/diablo homolog and DDIT4/DNA-damage-inducible protein transcript 4) had higher mRNA expression levels in eelpout from the harbor compared to the reference site, whereas mRNA expression of genes involved in the innate immune system (e.g., complement components and hepcidin) and protein transport/folding (e.g., signal recognition particle and protein disulfide-isomerase) were expressed at lower levels. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved biological processes associated with protein folding, immune responses and complement activation were differentially expressed in the harbor eelpout compared to the reference site. The differential mRNA expression of selected genes involved in apoptosis/DNA damage and in the innate immune system was verified by quantitative PCR, using the same fish in addition to eelpout captured four years later. Thus, our approach has identified new potential biomarkers of pollutant exposure and has generated hypotheses on disturbed physiological processes in eelpout. Despite a higher mRNA expression of genes related to apoptosis (e.g., diablo homolog) in eelpout captured in the harbor there were no significant differences in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells between sites. The mRNA level of genes involved in apoptosis/DNA damage and the status of the innate immune system in fish species captured in polluted environments should be studied in more detail to lay the groundwork for future biomonitoring studies.
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