| 1. |
- Livingstone, D R, et al.
(författare)
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Development of hepatic CYP1A and blood vitellogenin in eel (Anguilla anguilla) for use as biomarkers in the Thames Estuary, UK.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - 0141-1136. ; 50:1-5, s. 367-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of eel (Anguilla anguilla) as a monitoring species for the Thames Estuary, UK, was examined. Hepatic cytochrome P4501A [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity] and blood vitellogenin (Western analysis) were investigated as biomarkers of exposure to, respectively, organic contaminants and to contaminants showing estrogenic activity. Hepatic microsomal EROD activities in A. anguilla from seven sites in the Thames Estuary in May 1998 varied three-fold (111 +/- 24 to 355 +/- 42 pmol min-1 mg protein-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.) and showed correlation with salinity; however, the latter relationship was not maintained at other times of the year. The range of EROD activities was two- to eight-fold higher than the 37 +/- 8 pmol min-1 mg-1 for A. anguilla from the relatively clean Tamar Estuary. beta-Naphthoflavone treatment (5 mg kg-1 wet wt.; 2 days) of Thames A. anguilla produced a two-fold increase in hepatic microsomal EROD activity. Comparing the Thames EROD data with those for A. anguilla from well-characterised contaminated sites in the Netherlands (Van der Oost, R., Goksøyr, A., Celander, M., Heida, H., & Vermeulen, N. P. E. 1996. Aquatic Toxicology, 36, 189-222), the Thames is suggested to be moderately impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants. 17-beta-Estradiol treatment produced the appearance of a plasma protein of 211 Kd app. mol. wt. (recognised by antibodies to vitellogenin of Morone saxatilis), but putative vitellogenin could not be detected in A. anguilla from selected sites in the Thames Estuary.
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| 2. |
- Ronisz, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the brominated flame retardants hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), on hepatic enzymes and other biomarkers in juvenile rainbow trout and feral eelpout
- 2004
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X. ; 69:3, s. 229-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) leak out in the environment, including the aquatic one. Despite this, sublethal effects of these chemicals are poorly investigated in fish. In this study, a screening of selected biomarkers in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and feral eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) was performed after exposure to hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Rainbow trout was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with HBCDD or TBBPA. Two out of four short-term experiments with HBCDD showed an increase in the activity of catalase. A 40% increase in liver somatic index (LSI) could be observed after 28 days. HBCDD did also seem to have an inhibitory effect on CYPIA's activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)). A putative peroxisome proliferating activity of the compound was investigated without giving a definite answer. HBCDD did not seem to be estrogenic or genotoxic. TBBPA increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) after 4, 14 and 28 days in rainbow trout suggesting a possible role of this compound in inducing oxidative stress. The compound did not seem to be estrogenic. TBBPA seemed to compete with the artificial substrate ethoxyresorufin in vitro, during the EROD assay. In eelpout, only one 5 days in vivo experiment was performed. Neither of the compounds gave rise to any effect in this fish. This was the first screening of sublethal effects of the two chemicals in fish, using high doses. Our results indicate that there is a need for further studies of long-term, low-dose effects of these two widely used flame retardants. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Ronisz, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variations in the activities of selected hepatic biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus).
- 1999
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Ingår i: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part C, Pharmacology, toxicology & endocrinology. - 1367-8280. ; 124:3, s. 271-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) is used in Swedish and German environmental monitoring of pollutant effects in fish and is being considered for the same purpose in other countries, mainly around the Baltic Sea. The activities of several hepatic biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes were monitored during the period of 12 months from August 1996 to July 1997, using newly caught feral eelpout from Kattegat, off the west coast of Sweden. In females, the biotransformation enzyme activities showed significant seasonal variations, although the amplitude of the changes was limited; CYP1A-activity, measured as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), was highest in February-March and decreased afterwards, possibly due to rising estrogen levels. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity was lowest in November, while the glutathione-S-transferase activity markedly decreased during the winter. The antioxidant enzymes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase showed small variations in their activity. The number of male fish was limited and the seasonal variations less clear. However, in both sexes, glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities were highest in autumn and May, respectively. This study establishes a baseline for the activities of the selected enzymes in female eelpout, which is important for the environmental monitoring using this fish species.
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| 4. |
- Ronisz, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Thirteen years of monitoring selected biomarkers in Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) at reference site in the Fjällbacka Archipelago on the Swedish West Coast
- 2005
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Ingår i: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management. - : Michigan State University Press. - 1463-4988 .- 1539-4077. ; 8:2, s. 175 - 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several biomarkers in female and male eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) were measured at Fjällbacka, a reference site on the Swedish west coast from 1989 to 2001. Standardised procedures for sampling and measurements were used. Some of the biomarkers were largely stable through the years, for example, condition factor, blood plasma chloride concentration, white blood cell count, percentage of lymphocytes, activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase. Others showed greater variations but not significant trends, for example, percentage of granulocytes and activity of catalase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Three variables in female eelpout showed a statistically significant downward trend from 1989 to 2001, hematocrit, body weight and length. The change in hematocrit was probably related to decreased stress due to improved sampling techniques, but the reason for changes in weight and length remain unknown. There is a need to evaluate the area for pollutants. The results indicate that there have not been any major large-scale changes in the aquatic environment affecting the fish health at the investigated site
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