| 1. |
- Barbeito, Ignacio, et al.
(författare)
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Production of genetically improved silver birch plantations in southern and central Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investing in planting genetically unproved silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in Swedish plantations requires understanding how birch stands will develop over their entire rotation. Previous studies have indicated relatively low production of birch compared to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). This could result from using unrepresentative basic data, collected from unimproved, naturally-regenerated birch (Betula spp.) growing on inventory plots often located in coniferous stands. The objective of this study was to develop a basal area development function of improved silver birch and evaluate production over a full rotation period. We used data from 52 experiments including planted silver birch of different genetic breeding levels in southern and central Sweden. The experimental plots were established on fertile forest sites and on former agricultural lands, and were managed with different numbers of thinnings and basal area removal regimes. The model best describing total stand basal area development was a dynamic equation derived from the Korf base model. The analysis of the realized gain trial for birch showed a good stability of the early calculated relative differences in basal area between tested genotypes over time. Thus, the relative difference in basal area might be with cautious used as representation of the realized genetic gain. On average forest sites in southern Sweden, improved and planted silver birch could produce between 6-10.5 m(3) ha(-1) year(-1), while on fertile agriculture land the average productivity might be higher, especially with material coming from the improvement program. The performed analysis provided a first step toward predicting the effects of genetic improvement on total volume production and profitability of silver birch. However, more experiments arc needed to set up the relative differences between different improved material.
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| 2. |
- Hawkes, Jeffrey A., et al.
(författare)
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Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 8:11, s. 856-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood(1,2). Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212-401 degrees C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380 degrees C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years(3).
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lim, E., et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of contaminant removal and air quality control for local ventilation systems using the ventilation index Net Escape Velocity
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 79, s. 78-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A concept of ventilation efficiency, Net Escape Velocity (NEV), developed by authors presents the net and integrated velocity of contaminant transport by convection and diffusion effect at a point within the room. The NEV is the effective ventilation rate with a velocity scale determining the contaminant concentration at a target point and can be expressed by vector and scalar quantities. It is the most important characteristic of NEV concept. An expanded concept of NEV (NEV*), under an assumption that the inflow flux of a contaminant on the control volume is a contaminant generation, was proposed. We believe that the NEV and NEV* distributions can provide helpful information for ventilation design to control contaminants.The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the advantage and contribution of NEV* to current ventilation design procedure by using numerical analysis. Here, it was evaluated by the NEV* that the contaminant removal performances of local ventilation systems which are a kitchen exhaust hood in a kitchen environment, a push-pull hood in an industrial environment and an adsorptive building material in a test chamber. The distributions of the NEV* as vector quantities under the different flow and diffusion fields were analyzed to investigate contaminant leakage across the hypothetical boundaries of the control target domain of the local ventilation hood and to investigate the contaminant concentration reduction performance of the adsorptive building materials.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Grishin, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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All-garnet magneto-optical photonic crystals
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan. - Japan. - 1882-2924. ; 32:2, s. 140-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We survey the properties of all-garnet magneto-optical (MO) heteroepitaxial film structures grown by pulsed laser deposition and rf-magnetron sputtering. 1D MO-photonic crystals (MOPCs) were composed of /4 garnet layers alternating highly gyrotropic B13Fe5O12 (BIG) and MO-passive rare earth gallium garnets. As designed, MOPCs' spectra exhibit optical stop band with the transmittance central peak caused by light localization in /2 thick BIG cavity. The first all-garnet BIG/YIG MOPC showed 140% enhancement of the Faraday rotation (FR) compared to a single layer BIG film [APL 84, 1438 (2004)]. Further improvement of MO-performance has been achieved due to the replacement of optically dense YIG by transparent Gd- (GGG), Sm- and novel La-Ga-garnets [APL 86, 141108 (2005); 87, 122504 (2005); 90, 191113 (2007); JAP 101, 053906 (2007)]. At the resonance wavelengths 750 (980) nm, specific FR F=-20.5 (-7.3) deg/m and MO-quality factor Q = 2 |F| /absorption = 66 (43.6) deg represent the highest MOPC performance achieved so far. Respectively, this is 470 (810) % and 31 (190)% enhancement compared to a single layer BIG. MO-remanence (latching capability) has been engineered in the series of BIG:GGG(n:m) superlattices. Regular alternating of lattice mismatched garnet layers impedes the nucleation of misfit dislocations, preserves a long range coherent compressive strain through the whole multilayer thickness thus results in a strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. 2.5 m thick BIG:GGG(3:2) film at 678 nm shows FR=1.4 deg, transmittance 82%, 92% squareness of magnetization loop, saturation and coercive fields as low as 56 and 25 Oe, respectively. Nanostructured garnets were used to build MO-visualizer and current driven MO-display [APL 88, 242504 (2006)].
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kasperowski, Dick, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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The many modes of citizen science: Editorial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science & Technology Studies. - : Science and Technology Studies. - 2243-4690. ; 32:2, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This special issue of Science and Technology Studies is concerned with the epistemological and ontological diversity of citizen science, and the sometimes contested attempts to define it, as an interesting and fruitful phenomenon to explore from vantage points or perspectives in STS. During the past two decades there has been an increasing interest in this phenomenon, and currently citizen science is being introduced as a way to change the very landscape and culture of science. However, in contrast to such general accounts, this special issue seeks to unpack citizen science, and instead approach it not as one, but as several different modes of social epistemologies. These diverse modes also instantiate a wide range of imagined epistemic agents; ‘the citizen’, ‘the volunteer’, ‘the participant’, ‘the crowd’, ‘the activist’, ‘the community’ et cetera - agents that in one way or another perform scientific research without being a professional scientist.
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| 10. |
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