| 4381. |
- Lind, Emil, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements Quality vs. Process and Stakeholders’ Well-Being : A Case of a Nordic Bank
- 2023
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Ingår i: Software Quality. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9783031314872 ; , s. 17-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements are key artefacts to describe the intended purpose of a software system. The quality of requirements is crucial for deciding what to do next, impacting the development process’ effectiveness and efficiency. However, we know very little about the connection between practitioners’ perceptions regarding requirements quality and its impact on the process or the feelings of the professionals involved in the development process. Objectives: This study investigates: i) How software development practitioners define requirements quality, ii) how the perceived quality of requirements impact process and stakeholders’ well-being, and iii) what are the causes and potential solutions for poor-quality requirements. Method: This study was performed as a descriptive interview study at a sub-organization of a Nordic bank that develops its own web and mobile apps. The data collection comprises interviews with 20 practitioners, including requirements engineers, developers, testers, and newly employed developers, with five interviewees from each group. Results: The results show that different roles have different views on what makes a requirement good quality. Participants highlighted that, in general, they experience negative emotions, more work, and overhead communication when they work with requirements they perceive to be of poor quality. The practitioners also describe positive effects on their performance and positive feelings when they work with requirements that they perceive to be good. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 4382. |
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| 4383. |
- Lindahl, Pia
(författare)
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Approaching Strategic Sustainable Materials Management
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Society’s sustainability challenges relatedto materials management have been an area of concern for policymakers, industry and the public for decades. However, if those challenges are managed in a strategic way, they are not only aproblem, but could also bring in new opportunity for companies and other organizations to improve their competitiveness through developingproduct-service systems that promote sustainable development of society. The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how aframework for strategic sustainable development (FSSD) can support the development and design of sustainable materials management strategies in product innovation. This is achieved by four studies investigating howsustainability considerations are, or could be, integrated in decisions regarding materials selection. The studies are informed by the FSSD, Maxwell’s model for qualitative research design and the design research methodology. The first study is a theoretical discussion which provides a base for the following three exploratory studies. The exploratory studies have, through literature reviews and semi-structured interviews, investigated general sustainabilityconsiderations in companies, made a comparison of the strategic potential of two product improvement strategies and finally studied what considerations that are in focus and what types of solutions that are revealed when companies apply a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management. The studies have shown that decisions regarding materials management often arebased on compliance with legislation and on avoiding substances with characteristics commonly considered problematic (such as toxicity, persistency, etc.), and that decision support regarding how materials could be managed in a sustainable way are lacking. However, the results also include some examples from companies that have successfully developed pro-active strategies towards sustainable materials management. They have approached this through managing materials in closedtechnical loops, enabled material substitution through value chain collaboration and reduced material flows through new and innovative design. Most importantly, they have assessedactions not only regarding their potential to reduce a selection of current socio-ecological impacts but also regarding their potential to link toforthcoming actions towards the full scope of socio-ecological sustainability. Through this approach, they have found several ways by which materials with characteristics that are commonly considered problematic can be. The results highlight the possibility of enabling sustainable materials management practices by using a strategic sustainability perspective in combination with material characteristics knowledge and that a static division of “sustainable” vs. “unsustainable” materials (e.g., through lists of forbidden and allowed materials) is not necessarily serving the purpose in the best way. More subtle considerations are needed. By not applying a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management, organizations risk using “sustainable” materials in unsustainable ways or phasing out “unsustainable” materials that, managed differently, could be helpful for sustainable development. Developing decision support for materials management that integrates this new way of thinking will be the focus of future work.
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| 4384. |
- Lindahl, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Material substitution and weight reduction as steps towards a sustainable disposable diaper
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing market demands for 'sustainable products' has in the development of disposable diapers resulted in a focus on material substitution and weight reduction. In this study we have compared the strategic potential of these two approaches for development of the absorbing core of the product. The study indicates that regardless what strategy a company selects for reducing a products socio-ecological impact, both society and environment would benefit from a stronger focus on the long term goal of a sustainably product, instead of the milestones.
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| 4385. |
- Lindahl, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic sustainability considerations in materials management
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 64:feb 2014, s. 98-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing awareness in business and society regarding socio-ecological impacts related to society's use of materials is a driver of new materials management practices. The aim of this study is to gain insight into what considerations come into focus and what types of solutions are revealed when companies apply a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management. Through literature reviews and semi-structured interviews we found that the companies studied have assessed material choices and related management actions, not only regarding their potential to reduce a selection of current socio-ecological impacts, but also regarding their potential to link to future actions to move towards the full scope of socio-ecological sustainability. Through this approach, these companies have found several ways through which materials with characteristics that are commonly considered problematic can be managed sustainably by making strategic use of some of these “problematic” characteristics and other characteristics of the materials. For example, a material associated with problems at end of life, could be managed in closed loops facilitated by the persistence of the material. Based on the findings, we conclude that by not applying a strategic sustainability perspective to materials management, organizations risk phasing out materials perceived to be unsustainable which, managed differently, could be helpful for sustainable development.
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| 4386. |
- Lindberg, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Using Information and Communication Technology in Home Care for Communication between Patients, Family Members, and Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-6415 .- 1687-6423.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare both for delivering and giving accessibility to healthcare for people with chronic illness living at home. Aim. The aim was to review existing studies describing the use of ICT in home care for communication between patients, family members, and healthcare professionals. Methods. A review of studies was conducted that identified 1,276 studies. A selection process and quality appraisal were conducted, which finally resulted in 107 studies. Results. The general results offer an overview of characteristics of studies describing the use of ICT applications in home care and are summarized in areas including study approach, quality appraisal, publications data, terminology used for defining the technology, and disease diagnosis. The specific results describe how communication with ICT was performed in home care and the benefits and drawbacks with the use of ICT. Results were predominated by positive responses in the use of ICT. Conclusion. The use of ICT applications in home care is an expanding research area, with a variety of ICT tools used that could increase accessibility to home care. Using ICT can lead to people living with chronic illnesses gaining control of their illness that promotes self-care.
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| 4387. |
- Lindberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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A trajectory towards partnership in care : patient experiences of autonomy in intensive care, a qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 31:5, s. 294-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe and elucidate patient experinces of autonomy in an intensive care context from a caring perspective. Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are critically ill and in a dependent and vulnerable position. There is thus a risk of staff taking command not only of the patients' vital functions but also of their decision-making. A qualitative design was selected. Individual interviews were conducted with 11 adult patients with an intensive care episode of two days or more at six Swedish ICUs. Data were analysed using Inductive Content Analysis. Patient autonomy in intensive care was shown to be "A trajectory towards partnership in care depending on state of health and mutual understanding". It was experienced through acknowledged dependence, being recognised as a person, invited participation and becoming a co-partner in care. Patients in need of intensive care wanted to be involved in making decisions about their care as this creates a trusting and healthy care environment. Greater awarness is required about the ICU patient not only being a passive care recipient but also an active agent and where involvment in decision-making and participation in care are crucial.
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| 4388. |
- Lindberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Befriending everyday life when bringing technology into the private sphere
- 2017
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 27:6, s. 843-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the findings of our phenomenological interview study concerning the meaning of being an autonomous person while dependent on advanced medical technology at home. This was elucidated in the participants' narratives as befriending everyday life when bringing technology into the private sphere. We discovered four constituents of the phenomenon: befriending the lived body, depending on good relationships, keeping the home as a private sphere, and managing time. The most important finding was the overall position of the lived body by means of the illness limiting the control over one's life. We found that the participants wanted to be involved in and have influence over their care to be able to enjoy autonomy. We therefore stress the importance of bringing the patients into the care process as chronic illness will be a part of their everyday life for a long time to come, hence challenging patient autonomy.
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| 4389. |
- Lindberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Concept analysis : patient autonomy in a caring context
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 10:70, s. 2208-2221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a report of an analysis of the concept of patient autonomy. Many problems regarding patient autonomy in healthcare contexts derive from the patient´s dependent condition as well as the traditional authoritarian position of healthcare professionals. Existing knowledge and experince reveal a lack of consensus among nurses regarding the meaning of this ethical concept. This is a concept analysis with data sources: MedLine, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library and PsycINFO, searched 2005-June 2013 using the search blocks 'autonomy', 'patient', and 'nursing/caring'. A total of 41 articles were retrieved. The Evolutionary Method of Concept Analysis by Rodgers was used to identify and construct the meaning of the concept of patient autonomy in a caring context. Five attributes were identified, thus creating the following descriptive definition: 'Patient autonomy is a gradual, time-changing process of (re-)constructing autonomy through the interplay of to be seen as a person, the capacity to act and the obligation to take responsibility for one's actions'. Patient vulnerability was shown to be the antecedent of patient autonomy and arises due to an impairment of a person's physical and/or mental state. The consequences of patient autonomy were discussed in relation to preserving control and freedom. Conclusion: Patient autonomy in a caring context does not need to be the same before, during and after a care episod. A tentative model has been constructed, thus extending the understanding of this critical concept in a caring context.
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| 4390. |
- Lindberg, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Patient autonomy in a high-tech care context : A theoretical framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:21-22, s. 4128-4140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectivesTo synthesise and interpret previous findings with the aim of developing a theoretical framework for patient autonomy in a high-tech care context. BackgroundPutting the somewhat abstract concept of patient autonomy into practice can prove difficult as when it is highlighted in healthcare literature, the patient perspective is often invisible. Autonomy presumes that a person has experience, education, self-discipline and decision-making capacity. Reference to autonomy in relation to patients in high-tech care environments could therefore be considered paradoxical, as in most cases, these persons are vulnerable, with impaired physical and/or metacognitive capacity, thus making extended knowledge of patient autonomy for these persons even more important. DesignTheory development. MethodsThe basic approaches in theory development by Walker and Avant were used to create a theoretical framework through an amalgamation of the results from three qualitative studies conducted previously by the same research group. ResultsA theoretical frameworkthe control-partnership-transition frameworkwas delineated disclosing different parts cocreating the prerequisites for patient autonomy in high-tech care environments. Assumptions and propositional statements that guide theory development were also outlined, as were guiding principles for use in day-to-day nursing care. Four strategies used by patients were revealed as follows: the strategy of control, the strategy of partnership, the strategy of trust and the strategy of transition. ConclusionsAn extended knowledge base, founded on theoretical reasoning about patient autonomy, could facilitate nursing care that would allow people to remain/become autonomous in the role of patient in high-tech care environments. Relevance to clinical practiceThe control-partnership-transition framework would be of help in supporting and defending patient autonomy when caring for individual patients, as it provides an understanding of the strategies employed by patients to achieve autonomy in high-tech care contexts. The guiding principles for patient autonomy presented could be used in nursing guidelines.
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