| 1. |
- Finnveden, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Policy instruments towards a sustainable waste management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - Basel : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 5:3, s. 841-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to suggest and discuss policy instruments that could lead towards a more sustainable waste management. The paper is based on evaluations from a large scale multi-disciplinary Swedish research program. The evaluations focus on environmental and economic impacts as well as social acceptance. The focus is on the Swedish waste management system but the results should be relevant also for other countries. Through the assessments and lessons learned during the research program we conclude that several policy instruments can be effective and possible to implement. Particularly, we put forward the following policy instruments: “Information”; “Compulsory recycling of recyclable materials”; “Weight-based waste fee in combination with information and developed recycling systems”; “Mandatory labeling of products containing hazardous chemicals”, “Advertisements on request only and other waste minimization measures”; and “Differentiated VAT and subsidies for some services”. Compulsory recycling of recyclable materials is the policy instrument that has the largest potential for decreasing the environmental impacts with the configurations studied here. The effects of the other policy instruments studied may be more limited and they typically need to be implemented in combination in order to have more significant impacts. Furthermore, policy makers need to take into account market and international aspects when implementing new instruments. In the more long term perspective, the above set of policy instruments may also need to be complemented with more transformational policy instruments that can significantly decrease the generation of waste.
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| 2. |
- Fritzin, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Linearity, intermodulation distortion and ACLR in outphasing amplifiers
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0149-645X. - 9781467361767 - 9781467321419
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distortion from amplitude and phase imbalance in outphasing amplifiers is discussed. The relation between dynamic range (DR) and suppression of distortion is shown to approximately follow a simple linear relationship depending on the DR. Approximate relations between adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) for different kinds of commonly used communication signals and two-tone intermodulation distortion are given. Relations between loss in output power and reduction of DR as functions of duty cycle in switching-based outphasing amplifiers are also given. An approximate method to evaluate the possible performance of digital pre-distortion (DPD) is also given by considering a DPD capable of correcting all distortions except amplitude imbalance. The predicted performance is compared to the performance obtained using a DPD-model found in the literature. The results show that the method is in good agreement, demonstrating that the proposed method can be used for design and evaluation of predistorted outphasing amplifiers.
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| 3. |
- Landin, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral modeling of outphasing amplifiers considering memory effects
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 0149-645X. - 9781467361767
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a behavioral model structure for outphasing amplifiers. The model performance is evaluated on a class-D CMOS outphasing amplifier and compared with two models found in the literature. The proposed model structure also allows the use of memory in a parallel Hammerstein-like setting. The proposed models show improvements in adjacent channel error power ratio (ACEPR) of approximately 5 dB in addition to being linear in the parameters. The lower model errors enable the use and design of improved predistorters taking frequency dependency (memory effects) in outphasing amplifiers into account.
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