| 1. |
- Granskär, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing students' experience of their first professional encounter with people having mental disorders
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 8:3, s. 249-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to generate a theoretical model of what nursing students experience in their first professional encounter with people having mental disorders. Data was collected by interviewing 11 nursing students (aged 20-40 yrs). Grounded theory analysis was chosen for the study. Findings showed that the students' personal qualities and the patients' behavior affected the students' experience. When nursing students who had their own needs in focus met patients who rejected them, they felt helpless, and patients wishing to establish a relationship with them confirmed their positive or negative expectations. Nursing students who were focused on patients' needs met the patient as a unique person and felt confident despite being rejected by the patient, as well as proud when the patients wished to establish a relationship with them. Clinical university teachers can use the findings to gain knowledge about how each student feels as well as to guide them through their psychiatric training. The sample is small and further research is needed to generalize the findings of this study and to explore how nursing students, specialist psychiatric nurses and nurses in other disciplines experience the encounter with patients as well as how patients describe encounters with caregivers.
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| 2. |
- Franke Stenport, Victoria, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Failure to induce supracrestal bone growth between and around partially inserted titanium implants using bone morphogenetic protein (BMP): an experimental study in dogs.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 14:2, s. 219-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of bone morphogenetic protein on supracrestal bone growth around partially inserted implants in a dog model is described. The lower premolar teeth (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were extracted on both sides of the mandible in six dogs. At a surgical exposure 12 weeks later, two 10-mm turned titanium implants were partially inserted, approximately 15 mm apart, in the areas of the P1 and P3 in each side of the mandible, allowing five threads to protrude from the bone crest. A titanium mesh was fastened to the coronal aspect of the two fixtures and the space beneath the mesh was filled with bone morphogenetic protein (S300 BMP) in combination with an insoluble bone matrix carrier, or with the carrier alone. The mesh was covered with an ePTFE membrane. Thus, a space for potential bone formation was created between the two implants. The surgical flaps were coronally positioned and secured with vertical mattress sutures. After 16 weeks of healing, biopsy specimens were retrieved and examined histologically. Bone was not formed around the protruding implants or in the created space between the implants in any case. The carrier was incompletely resorbed. We conclude that supracrestal bone growth beyond the crestal limit with or without BMP in such a large space as in this experimental design may not be possible.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Stenberg, Georg
(författare)
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Perceptual and conceptual contributions to the picture superiority effect
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. - 0090-5054. ; 8:Abstracts, s. 50-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pictures are typically better remembered than words, but explanations for this fact diverge. Some attribute picture superiority to more distinctive perceptual qualities, others to more efficient conceptual processing. In an effort to separate perceptual and conceptual factors, two groups were presented with mixed lists of pictures and words and were subsequently tested for recognition in either the original or the opposite (picture/word) format. One group, the Format Inclusion group, was instructed to endorse both formats of a studied item; the other - the Format Exclusion group - was instructed to endorse only the original format. Multinomial models were fitted to the response data, with separate parameters for a high-threshold process, recognizing items of high familiarity, and a low-threshold process, rejecting items of low familiarity. Model testing showed that both conceptual and perceptual processing was more efficient for pictures than for words. Especially the low-threshold process showed dramatic picture superiority.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of oral health status on admission and at discharge in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients
- 2003
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - : Quintessence. - 1757-9996 .- 1602-1622. ; 1:3, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare oral health status on a geriatric rehabilitation ward among patients who were assessed using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) on admission and at discharge; and to investigate in what respect the oral health procedures (OHP) suggested in ROAG were applied when oral health problems were detected. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Registered nurses on the ward performed oral health assessments using ROAG with 107 patients on admission and at discharge. When oral health problems were detected measures to be taken were suggested using ROAG. RESULTS: Oral health problems were common among the patients on admission (86%), as well as at discharge (51%). The frequency of the problems was significantly lower at discharge compared to admission. The OHP that were recommended in ROAG were completely followed when saliva flow-related problems were detected. Regarding other oral health problems, measures other than the recommended ones were often performed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the oral health was better at the end of the hospital stay compared to admission.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-rater reliability of an oral assessment guide for elderly patients residing in a rehabilitation ward
- 2002
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Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - : Wiley. - 0275-1879 .- 1754-4505. ; 22:5, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of a revised oral assessment guide (ROAG) for patients residing in a geriatric rehabilitation ward. A consecutive sample of 140 patients was recruited for the study. Oral assessments were performed for 133 newly admitted patients by one registered nurse (RN) during a period of six months. A dental hygienist (DH) carried out 103 oral assessments during the same half-year. For 66 patients, the RN and the DH performed independent assessments. There was an agreement between the RN and the DH in the majority of the independent assessments, except for tongue and teeth/dentures. The percentage agreement exceeded 80 percent. Inter-rater agreement measured by Cohen's Kappa coefficient ranged from moderate to very good and percentage agreement had a range of 58 to 91 percent. The agreement was highest in assessment of voice and swallowing (91%). Assessments of teeth and dentures seemed to be most difficult for the RN to evaluate. ROAG was found to be a clinically useful assessment tool. Additional education and training is needed to improve the reliability of the oral assessments and should include continuous support from a dental hygienist as well as a pictorial manual on how to use the ROAG.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Oral health and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 16:3, s. 311-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health status and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients, and to analyse the relationship between these two parameters. Nurses at the ward performed structured assessments of oral and nutritional status using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide and the Subjective Global Assessment form in 223 newly admitted patients. Most oral health problems were found among patients who stayed longer at the hospital and were more dependent on help as compared with the healthier patients. Thirty-four per cent of the patients were either severely undernourished, at risk or suspected to be undernourished (UN). Oral health problems were more common among UN patients (p < 0.0005) compared with well-nourished patients. The most frequent oral health problem was found on teeth or dentures (48%). Problems related to the tongue and lips were also common among UN patients (56 and 44%, respectively). Oral health status was correlated (r = 0.32) to nutritional status. Problems with swallowing had the strongest association to the nutritional status (OR 6.05; 95% CI 2.41-15.18). This study demonstrated that poor oral health status was related to undernourishment.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Oral health problems in elderly rehabilitation patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - : Wiley. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 2:2, s. 70-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of poor oral hygiene and dry mouth may be hazardous to the oral health status. However, systematic assessments in order to detect oral health problems are seldom performed in the nursing care of the elderly. The aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of oral health problems measured using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG) and to analyse associations between oral health problems and age, gender, living conditions, cohabitation, reason for admission, number of drugs, and functional and nutritional status. One registered nurse performed oral health assessments using ROAG in 161 newly admitted elderly patients in rehabilitation care. Oral health problems were found in 71% of the patients. Thirty per cent of these patients had between four and eight problems. Low saliva flow and problems related to lips were the most frequent oral health problems. Problems in oral health status were significantly associated with presence of respiratory diseases (problems with gums, lips, alterations on the tongue and mucous membranes), living in special accommodation (low saliva flow, problems with teeth/dentures and alterations on the tongue), being undernourished (alterations on the tongue and low saliva flow) and being a woman (low saliva flow). The highest Odds ratio (OR) was found in problems with gums in relation with prevalence of respiratory diseases (OR 8.9; confidence interval (CI) 2.8-27.8; P < 0.0005). This study indicates the importance of standardised oral health assessments in order to detect oral health problems which can otherwise be hidden when the patients are admitted to the hospital ward.
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| 9. |
- Ekstrand, Britten
(författare)
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Småbarnsskolan: vad hände och varför?: en sekellång historia studerad med fokus på förändring av pedagogisk verksamhet från 1833 och framåt
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some fields in the research about the history of childcare in the nineteenth century in Sweden is lacking. In popular textbooks infant schools (småbarnsskolor) are thought of and described as a pedagogical and social activity, while a later phenomenon, the nursery schools, seemed to lack all pedagogical insight, care-taking was exclusively at hand. I have questioned this dichotomy. What happened to the infant schools when nursery schools appeared? My intention has been to focus on pedagogical change in infant schools. I had to start with a description of infant schools in Sweden, answering the questions when, where, how and why infant schools appeared and how they developed. Traces from infant schools in ten cities have been thoroughly examined and followed over the years. About thirty infant schools have existed. All of these are referred to, which have been possible thanks to anniversary publications and scientific documents in a mix. Focusing on pedagogical change and development, and inspired by the frame factor theory, I have analyzed organizational and economical factors, factors concerning the teachers, the children and the schoolwork. Factors concerning the management, the school control and the administration show an astonishingly rigid form over more than a century. The age of the children however, as well as qualifications and titles of the teachers change according to the pedagogical change. Two very clear phases in the history of infant schools can be distinguished. In the early years the infant schools in Sweden worked as primary schools. Moving on to the late 19th century, there was an institutional change in those infant schools, which had not been part of the national school system. The institutions were organized as nursery schools in which the pioneers of Froebelian work in Sweden appear. They continued to direct their work towards children from the lower classes. The results are discussed in a social, economic, political and ideological context. Above all the close relationship to three fields is recognized. These are the national school system at the time, the growing acknowledgement of psychology with the changing view of the child and the education of women. The domains are reflected about in relation to the course of events in infant schools in Sweden. In an attempt to understand the material some terms belonging to Pierre Bourdieus epistemological theory are used in the discussion.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Leif
(författare)
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Folkhälsopedagogen söker legitimitet. Ett möte mellan pedagogik och verskamhetsförlagd utbildning.
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aims of this thesis were to study how the students in the work experience period of The Study Program in Public Health and Education experienced how the discipline of education could contribute to health promotion in practice and if whether the integration between theory and practice in this case reached the appropriate higher education standard. The data collection comprised semi-structured interviews, the student’s descriptions of the trainee post, their aims and objectives and the follow-up and evaluation of their aims and objectives. The thesis questions were examined from different perspectives; insight with the task to relate the empirical subjects to a wider economical, cultural, political and historical context, critique was built on insight but was more explicit to power relations, lack of freedom, ideological dominance and social asymmetry. Finally transformative redefinition focussed on emancipation and on development of the pedagogical practice. The analysis around insight and critique was based on three categories: the work experience period’s influence on learning as the student experienced it, the importance of pedagogical theory in health promotion practice as the student experienced it, and the work as a professional in the health promotion field as the student experienced it. The analysis was divided in two parts or phases. The first phase was a concentration and categorisation of the material within each theme which led to different conceptualisations. These conceptualisations were explored in relation to the theoretical basis and to the concept higher education standard. The second part sought to discover variation in the student group. The patterns should be seen as the product of the relationship between the student and the trainee post. The analysis identified seven categories or different patterns of development: undeveloped, contradictory, critical, theoretical, salvation like, prevented and integrated. The patterns varied in how the work experience period influenced learning, the importance of pedagogical theory in health promotion practice and how the work as a professional in the health promotion field was apprehended. These patterns were also put in relation to the theoretical grounds and to the concept higher education standard. Critique discussed the results obtained from the insight analysis from concepts like power, authority and oppression, dominant ideology, dissensus perspective, colonisation of the lifeworld and discourses. The transformative redefinition focussed on more pragmatic research questions, namely the consequences the study would or could have on the theoretical as well as on the practical part of the Study Program of Public Health and Education.
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