| 14481. |
- Arora, Tulika, et al.
(författare)
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Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Induces Early Plasma Metabolomic and Lipidomic Alterations in Humans Associated with Diabetes Remission
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective method to attain sustained weight loss and diabetes remission. We aimed to elucidate early changes in the plasma metabolome and lipidome after RYGB. Plasma samples from 16 insulin-resistant morbidly obese subjects, of whom 14 had diabetes, were subjected to global metabolomics and lipidomics analysis at pre-surgery and 4 and 42 days after RYGB. Metabolites and lipid species were compared between time points and between subjects who were in remission and not in remission from diabetes 2 years after surgery. We found that the variables that were most discriminatory between time points were decanoic acid and octanoic acid, which were elevated 42 days after surgery, and sphingomyelins (18:1/21:0 and 18:1/23:3), which were at their lowest level 42 days after surgery. Insulin levels were lower at 4 and 42 days after surgery compared with pre-surgery levels. At 4 days after surgery, insulin levels correlated positively with metabolites of branched chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism and negatively with triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids. Of the 14 subjects with diabetes prior to surgery, 7 were in remission 2 years after surgery. The subjects in remission displayed higher pre-surgery levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and triglycerides with long-chain fatty acids compared with subjects not in remission. Thus, metabolic alterations are induced soon after surgery and subjects with diabetes remission differ in the metabolic profiles at pre- and early post-surgery time points compared to patients not in remission.
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| 14482. |
- Ayoub, L., et al.
(författare)
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Visual and ocular findings in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): validating the FASD Eye Code in a clinical setting
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bmj Open Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 2397-3269. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering a spectrum of medical conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. The FASD Eye Code is a new complementary ophthalmological diagnostic tool created to corroborate the complex FASD diagnosis. The aim of this work was to validate the FASD Eye Code by testing it on a second group of children diagnosed with FASD in a clinical setting.Methods and analysisA clinical study was carried out in a group of 21 children (13 males, 8 females, mean age 13.3 years) investigated for suspected FASD and a healthy sex-matched and age-matched control group (n=21). The participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including visual perception problems (VPPs) assessment. Clinical examination results were compiled, and total scores were calculated according to the FASD Eye Code protocol (range 4-16).ResultsThe median total score in the FASD group was 8. Eight individuals in the FASD group and none of the controls obtained a total score of >= 9 corresponding to 38% sensitivity and 100% specificity with an area under the curve of 0.90. A cut-off total score of >= 8 showed 52% sensitivity and 95% specificity. One individual in the FASD group versus 12 controls had a total score of 4, representing normal findings. No significant difference between the two groups regarding VPPs was seen.ConclusionThe FASD Eye Code can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool for FASD to assist in diagnosis and to detect ophthalmological abnormalities in individuals with suspected FASD.
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| 14483. |
- Bagerius, Henric, 1974
(författare)
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Nätbaserat lärande i Försvarsmakten
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nätbaserat lärande i Försvarsmakten handlar om hur nätet kan användas för att stödja vuxnas lärande. Den är skriven för Försvarsmaktens anställda och frivilligrörelsens medlemmar, men innehållet är även relevant för personer som inte ägnar sig åt militär verksamhet. Boken sätter fokus på de pedagogiska möjligheter och utmaningarna med nätet och diskuterar bland annat hur man med samarbetsverktyg som blogg, wiki, diskussionsforum, chatt och nätmöte kan skapa mer flexibla former för lärande. I boken finns också kapitel som handlar om hur man använder och skapar digitala lärresurser och hur man utvecklar och organiserar kurser på nätet.
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| 14484. |
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| 14485. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Hanging up the shirt: an autoethnographic account of disengaging from a social rugby culture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violent practices are a common feature of homosocial sporting environments. The objective of the current paper is to explore how one individual disengaged from a sporting community characterized by such practices. An autoethnographic approach involving recollection and interactional exchanges is used to create a realist narrative account which offers insight into the process of disengagement. The narrative focuses on the: (1) ongoing nature of cultural participation; (2) agency and the restriction of ways of being in sports teams and (3) the durable nature of personal characteristics that are learned in sporting environments. These issues are discussed in light of cultural learning theory and specifically, the analytic concept, ‘becoming’. The paper concludes with methodological reflections and a consideration of directions for future research.
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| 14486. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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'Just do a little more': examining expertise in high performance sport from a sociocultural learning perspective
- 2014
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Ingår i: Reflective Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1462-3943 .- 1470-1103. ; 15:1, s. 92-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research suggests that extensive training is necessary for the development of sporting expertise. Research also suggests that extensive training can lead to overuse injuries. The aims of this paper are to: (1) expand the concept of expertise in high performance sport, and (2) contribute to the discussion of how high performance athletes move towards expert performance in sustainable ways. To achieve these aims, data from retrospective interviews with four Olympians from four different sports are presented. As a way of extending traditional approaches, a pedagogical framework focusing on dispositional learning is employed to examine athletic development. The notion of threshold concepts is used as a specific analytic tool for thinking about how athletes come to make sense of their sporting environments. Interpretations of the data provide insights into the nature of thresholds in high performance sport, factors that facilitate threshold crossing, and factors that may prevent athletes from making advances, all of which have implications for practitioners interested in developing expertise. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.
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| 14487. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed methods and integration
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport, Migration und soziale Integration: Eine empirische Studie zur Bedeutung des Sports bei Jugendlichen. - Zurich : Seismo. - 9783037771532 - 9783037777145
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14488. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977
(författare)
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Ninjas, zombies and nervous wrecks? Academics in the neoliberal world of physical education and sport pedagogy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sport Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 22:1, s. 87-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars have drawn some damning conclusions on the current state of the academy. They argue that neoliberal developments such as corporatization and privatization are undermining research and teaching quality, disrupting social relations and impacting negatively on the health and well-being of academic staff. Academia is, according to these scholars, coming to be peopled by hypercompetitive and combative ninjas', cynical and unmotivated zombies' and jaded and anxious nervous wrecks'. Against this negative depiction of academics, the aim of this paper is to provide an illustration of an alternative identity that is formed and performed within the field of physical education and sport pedagogy (PESP). This illustration is achieved through the presentation and analysis of an account that shows some of the individuals inhabiting the world of PESP. The account is based on autoethnographic research and relies largely on reported speech and reflective notes to build a description of the author, in the early stages of mid-career, working with his colleagues to write a section of this paper. A Foucauldian framework that includes the concepts of governmentality and care of the self is employed to consider how the author becomes a neoliberal subject with some possibilities for resisting technologies of power. The paper is concluded with reflections on the process of resisting and the significance of local socio-political contexts as issues for further discussion.
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| 14489. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Olympism as education: analysing the learning experiences of elite athletes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Educational Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-1911 .- 1465-3397. ; 64:3, s. 368-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olympic athletes are potentially the most visible exponents of Olympic values. How athletes learn values, however, has not captured the attention of those responsible for Olympic documentation or pedagogues. This paper examines how aspects of Olympism became relevant for three former Olympians during their athletic careers. Interview material suggested that: (1) inconsistencies within official expressions of Olympism mirror tensions in athletic experiences; (2) some claims concerning sport made in the Olympic Charter are simplistic and translate poorly to Olympic experiences that are multidimensional and complex; and (3) universal ethical principles have limited influence on how athletes conduct themselves. The results imply that pedagogues working with elite athletes should make discursive discontinuities in sport explicit, reflect on traditional views of sport education while acknowledging implicit learning, and approach questions of ethics from a specific and practice-oriented standpoint rather than a universal and principle-based one.
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| 14490. |
- Barker, Dean, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Swiss youths, migration and integrative sport: A critical constructive reading of popular discourse
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Sport Sociology. - : Routledge. - 1613-8171 .- 2380-5919. ; 10:2, s. 143-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper critically interrogates widespread assumptions pertaining to the integrative function of sporting involvement in Switzerland. It focuses specifically on young people living in a culturally diverse area and how they make use of discursive variations of the integrative sport text. Interview material draws attention to four main sub-texts that frame sport as: a pedagogical tool, a site of interpersonal exchange, a method of catharsis, and as an apolitical activity without relevance to ethnicity. It is argued that these sub-texts: (1) are embedded within broader culturalist discourse and, (2) either support divisive social relations or do little to challenge them. Both instances suggest that changes are necessary to the way sport is ‘produced’ in discourse if it is to positively influence ethnic relations.
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