| 1. |
- Friis, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Review of social epidemiologic research on migrants' health : findings, methodological cautions, and theoretical perspectives
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of social medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 26, s. 173-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of world-wide immigration and migration has major implications for the health of the migrants in addition to its impact upon social and other service providers. Studies of migrants that utilize social epidemiologic methods fall within the traditional boundaries of descriptive and analytic approaches; this article reviews some of the studies that exemplify these approaches. It then suggests specific methodological issues and cautions pertaining to research on migrants and provides a theoretical model for organizing the diverse research studies that have been conducted. By stimulating discussion regarding social epidemiologic research on migrants' health, this model is intended to serve as a compass point for future research and needed interventions.
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| 2. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Total daily energy expenditure and patterns of physical activity in adolescents assessed by two different methods
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 9:5, s. 257-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring and an activity diary were used simultaneously during three days in 30 randomly selected adolescents (16 boys, 14 girls; mean age 15.0+/-1.0). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and its components (energy expenditure during sleep, during rest and in physical activity) and times spent at different intensity levels (sedentary, light, moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity) were compared. TDEE from heart rate monitoring averaged 10.9+/-2.7 MJ x d(-1) compared to 11.3+/-2.3 MJ x d(-1) from the activity diary (NS). The limits of agreement (mean+/-2 SD) were -3.54 MJ x d(-1) and 2.74 MJ x d(-1). There was no significant difference for any of the TDEE components between the methods (MANOVA). A significant method effect (P<0.001) was observed for time spent in sedentary and light physical activity (MANOVA). No significant difference was observed for time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. According to this, heart rate monitoring and activity diary are comparable for group assessment of TDEE and its components, and for estimating time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. The activity diary underestimated time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity for inactive subjects and consequently overestimated highly active subjects.
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| 3. |
- Sjöström, M, et al.
(författare)
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A four week residential program for primary health care patients to control obesity and related heart risk factors : effective application of principles of learning and lifestyle change
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 53:Suppl 2, s. S72-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To test the short and long-term effectiveness of a four week residential program for primary health care patients to control obesity and related risk factors for cardio-vascular disease (CVD), especially blood pressure (BP).DESIGN: Prospective clinical study, with follow up after 1 and 5 y.SETTING: Vindeln Patient Education Centre, Vindeln, and Department of Social Medicine, University of Umea, Sweden.SUBJECTS: Approximately 2500 individuals, with two or more of the traditional risk factors for CVD, participated in the program. This report describes a subsample of 100 consecutive patients, 52+/-9 y, 53 men, with obesity and/or high BP. Intervention: Four week residential program with lectures and group discussions as well as practical sessions in smaller groups (meal preparations, physical exercise, etc). The patients were followed-up medically in their home area.OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight and blood pressure.RESULTS: Dramatic reductions of weight and, especially, of blood pressure (BP) occurred during the residential weeks, and the reductions were pronounced also after 1 y. After 5 y, the total mean weight among men with initial BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 was still 5 kg lower, and diastolic and systolic BP among those with hypertension was 15 and 20 mm Hg lower, respectively, than before the program.CONCLUSIONS: The full-time participation in the residential program and the enrollment and commitment of the patients may explain the clinical outcome. A level of predisposition greater than that required of most weight- and BP-control programs was confirmed and a great preventive or therapeutic potential was indicated. The study illustrates an effective application of the Precede-Proceed model of health promotion planning.
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| 4. |
- Wengström, Yvonne, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a nursing intervention on subjective distress, side effects and quality of life of breast cancer patients receiving curative radiation therapy : a randomized study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 38:6, s. 763-770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this randomized study was to investigate whether a nursing intervention using Orem's self-care theory as a framework would affect subjective distress, side effects and quality of life as perceived by breast cancer patients receiving curative radiation therapy. The intervention consisted of five 30-min sessions once a week during the treatment period and two follow-up sessions after completion of treatment. The experimental group consisted of 67 patients, as did the control group. Measurements were collected five times: at baseline before commencement of treatment, at weeks 3 and 5 (completion of treatment) and follow-up periods of 2 weeks and 3 months. No measurable effect of the nursing intervention was found for side effects or quality of life but nursing intervention proved to have a positive effect in minimizing stress reactions (p = < 0.05). It is suggested that a nursing intervention should be implemented for breast cancer patients receiving curative radiation therapy.
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| 5. |
- Yngve, Agneta, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Effective promotion of healthy nutrition and physical activity in Europe requires skilled and competent people : European Master's Programme in Public Health Nutrition
- 1999
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 2:3A, s. 449-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scientists in basic research and epidemiology deliver messages to policy makers. Effective population based strategies then require people trained and competent in the discipline of Public Health Nutrition (PHN). Since 1997, a European Master's Programme in PHN has been undergoing planning and implementation with the aid of funding from the European Commission (DGV). PHN is used as a broad term covering Nutrition and Physical Activity as well as Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.The partners in this project are academic departments from 17 countries. The students will undertake core modules and electives for a year and a half, followed by a research project for six months. In order to set up formalised procedures for the evaluation of the quality assurance of individual modules from across Europe, a quality assurance system has been set up.The academic year 1999-2000 will allow an opportunity for Universities and Institutes to start new modules, to develop other modules, assess the movement of students between modules, tackle funding issues and allow further marketing of the programme. Future activities include strengthening of the European Network for Public Health Nutrition (ENPHN), the establishment of a consortium with universities, the co-ordination of programme activities with other European Master's Programmes in Public Health, and the incorporation of new Member States from Eastern Europe.We can look forward to a new brand of professionals, who are truly European in their training, but who also have an integrated view of nutrition and physical activity, health promotion and disease prevention and who are prepared for policy making, action planning, implementation and evaluation.
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| 6. |
- Akner, Gunnar, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Glucocorticoid receptor inhibits microtubule assembly in vitro.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Molecular and cellular endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-7207 .- 1872-8057. ; 110:1-2, s. 49-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of glucocorticoid hormones, purified glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and purified heat shock protein M(r) 90,000 (hsp90) on microtubule (MT) assembly in vitro was tested by a spectrophotometric MT assembly assay and electron microscopy. GR significantly prolonged the nucleation phase, slowed down the assembly rate and reduced the maximal amplitude of MT assembly compared with control. The effects were partially reversed by the addition of glucocorticoid hormone. GR associated with MTs. These results indicate that GR affects MT assembly in vitro, which may be a functional correlate to the structural association of GR with MTs. This implies that factors affecting GR may affect MT assembly in vivo.
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| 7. |
- Danielsson-Tham, Marie-Louise, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Med pedagogiska ögon i Aguélis fotspår
- 1998
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Ingår i: Aguélimuseets Vänner. - 0284-9402. ; 11, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Fjelstad, Jens, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Equivalence of Chern-Simons gauge theory and WZNW model using a BRST symmetry
- 1999
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 466:2-4, s. 227-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The equivalence between the Chern-Simons gauge theory on a three-dimensional manifold with boundary and the WZNW model on the boundary is established in a simple and general way using the BRST symmetry. Our approach is based on restoring gauge invariance of the Chern-Simons theory in the presence of a boundary. This gives a correspondence to the WZNW model that does not require solving any constraints, fixing the gauge or specifying boundary conditions.
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| 9. |
- Parrow, V., et al.
(författare)
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Protein kinase C-alpha and -epsilon are enriched in growth cones of differentiating SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 41:6, s. 782-791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SH-SY5Y cells differentiate into neuronal-like cells and express marker proteins like growth-associated protein (GAP-43) and neuropeptide tyrosine when treated with a low concentration (16 nM) of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the presence of growth factors or serum. Both control and differentiated cells expressed protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha), PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta as revealed by Western blot analyses, but the subcellular distribution of the three isoforms was not uniform, indicating specific localized functions of the enzymes. In growth cones prepared from differentiating cells PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon were enriched. In contrast, PKC-zeta was more evenly distributed within the differentiating cell. Cells treated with a high concentration of TPA (1.6 microM) differentiate poorly and continue to proliferate. In those cells, PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon were found to be down-regulated while PKC-zeta remained present. Thus, down-regulation of PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon appears to be incompatible with neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. These cells also differentiate when treated with a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I. Growth cones isolated from such cells are also enriched in PKC-alpha and PKC-epsilon, but not in PKC-zeta. Based on the subcellular distribution of PKC-alpha and epsilon, and that PKC substrates like GAP-43 and pp60c-src are enriched in SH-SY5Y growth cones, a role during neurite growth is suggested.
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| 10. |
- Påhlman, S., et al.
(författare)
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Differentiation and survival influences of growth factors in human neuroblastoma
- 1995
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 31A:4, s. 453-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human neuroblastoma cell lines are established from high-stage, highly malignant tumours. Despite this and the fact that these tumours are arrested at an early, immature stage, many cell lines have the capacity to undergo neuronal differentiation under proper growth conditions. One such cell line is the noradrenergic SH-SY5Y cell line. These cells can be induced to mature by a variety of modalities, resulting in different mature phenotypes. The use of this cell system as a model to study the stem cell character of neuroblastoma is reviewed and discussed. In particular, we focus on growth factor dependencies in the SH-SY5Y system, and compare that to the normal situation, i.e. growth factor control of sympathetic neuronal and neuroendocrine differentiation during human and rat embryogenesis.
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