| 1. |
- Ding, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 165:1-4, s. 295-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A field campaign was conducted to measure and analyze 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six major zones in the city of Shanghai, P.R. China from August 2006 to April 2007. Ambient air samples were collected seasonally using passive air samplers, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used in this field campaign. The results showed that there was a sequence of 13 PAHs at Phen > FA > Pyr > Chr > Fl > An > BaA > BbFA > BghiP > IcdP > BkFA > BaP > DahA and the sum of these PAHs is 36.01 ± 10.85 ng/m3 in gas phase. FL, Phen, FA, Pyr, and Chr were the dominant PAHs in gas phase in the city. They contributed 90% of total PAHs in the gas phase. Proportion of measured PAHs with three, four, five, and six rings to total PAHs was 53%, 42%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The highest concentration of ∑PAHs (the sum of 13 PAHs) occurred in the wintertime and the lowest was in the summer. This investigation suggested that traffic, wood combustion, and metal scrap burn emissions were dominant sources of the concentrations of PAHs in six city zones compared with coal burning and industry emissions. Further, the traffic emission sources of PAHs in the city were attributed mostly to gasoline-powered vehicles compared with diesel-powered vehicles. It was revealed that the seasonal changes in PAHs in the city depended on different source types. Metal scrap burn was found to be the major source of PAHs during the autumn, while the PAH levels in the atmosphere for winter and spring seasons were mainly influenced by wood and biomass combustion. Comparisons of PAHs among different city zones and with several other cities worldwide were also made and discussed.
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| 2. |
- Qiang, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Relative clauses preference in learners of Chinese as a second language
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2192-9505 .- 2192-9513. ; 39, s. 199-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether preference for subject-extracted relative clauses in language processing is a universal rule has been debated with evidences from both the first and the second language acquisition studies. But very few studies focus on learners of Chinese as a second language. The current research studied Chinese subject/object-extracted relative clauses processing among learners of Chinese as a second language by the self-paced reading experiment. The results demonstrate a faster and more accurate processing of subject-extracted relative clauses in both subject and object modifying conditions, adding more evidence to the universal preference for the subject-extracted relative clauses. Both Frequency-based Accounts and Memory-based Accounts are discussed related to the current findings.
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| 3. |
- Zhang, X., et al.
(författare)
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Novel design and lateral stability tracking control of a four-wheeled rollator
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 9:11, s. 2327-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design and control of smart rollators have attracted increasing research interests in the past decades. To meet the requirements of the elderly or disabled users, this paper proposes a novel design and tracking control scheme for empowering and assisting natural human mobility with a four-wheeled rollator. Firstly, by integrating the advantages of Kano Model Analysis and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), we introduce a novel Kano-TRIZ industrial design method to design and optimize its mechanical structure. The demand and quality characteristics of the clinical rollator are analyzed according to the Kano model. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and TRIZ are adopted to integrate industrial product innovations and optimize the function configuration. Furthermore, a lateral stability controller based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme is introduced to achieve good tracking control performance with the lateral deviation and the heading angle deviation. Finally, the feasibility of the design and control method is verified with a simulation study. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm keeps the lateral position error in a reasonable range. In the co-simulation of ADAMS-MATLAB, the trajectory of the rollator is smooth with constrained position error within 0.1 m, the turning angle and speed can achieve stable tracking control within 5 s and the heading angle is accurate and the speed is stable. A compared experiment with MPC and SMC show that MPC controller has faster response, higher tracking accuracy and smoother trajectory on the novel designed rollator. With the increasing demand for rollators in the global market, the methodology proposed in this paper will attract more research and industry interests.
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| 4. |
- Zhu, H., et al.
(författare)
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Some effects of specific interest on the brain of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) : A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder, characterized by two major domains: impairments in the social cognition and communication as well as restricted, repetitive, stereotyped interests and behaviors. In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was applied to investigate the atypical activation pattern of language areas (bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral temporal cortex) and uncover the impact of a specific interest on the brain function of children with ASD. We employed a listening comprehension task to stimulate the language areas of 2 ASD boys (A1 and A2) who had strong interests in the experiment material ("Lightning McQueen") and another 2 ASD boys (A3 and A4) who were matched with A1 and A2 respectively by age, intelligence quotient, language ability and the severity of symptoms. Our results showed that, during the task, the picture of "Lightning McQueen", but not the words of "The little red car", elicited stronger activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and temporal cortex of A1 and A2 than A3 and A4. These results could facilitate our understanding of language development of ASD and reconsider the role of specific interests (especially visual stimuli) played in the brain functional development of ASD.
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