| 1. |
- Dal Zilio, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of a light trapping system for organic solar cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317. ; 86:4-6, s. 1150-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) are among the most promising systems for energy extraction and conversion from renewable energy sources. However, major problem to be solved before industrial production could become economically viable is represented by their still low conversion efficiency. The organic solar cell architectures are presently the result of a compromise between achieving complete light absorption using active layers that are thicker than the optical absorption length and achieving efficient charge collection at the electrodes which is favoured in thinner layers. We present a concept and its experimental demonstration that would solve efficiently the above trade-off problem by making use of a new type of light trapping elements. The simple fabrication scheme, based on a self-aligned UV exposure process, suggests its potential up-scalability to large systems, at low production cost.
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| 2. |
- Krebs, Frederik C, et al.
(författare)
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A round robin study of flexible large-area roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cell modules
- 2009
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Ingår i: SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248. ; 93:11, s. 1968-1977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A round robin for the performance of roll-to-roll coated flexible large-area polymer solar-cell modules involving 18 different laboratories in Northern America, Europe and Middle East is presented. The study involved the performance measurement of the devices at one location (Riso DTU) followed by transportation to a participating laboratory for performance measurement and return to the starting location (Riso DTU) for re-measurement of the performance. It was found possible to package polymer solar-cell modules using a flexible plastic barrier material in such a manner that degradation of the devices played a relatively small role in the experiment that has taken place over 4 months. The method of transportation followed both air-mail and surface-mail paths.
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| 3. |
- Tvingstedt, Kristofer, et al.
(författare)
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Electroluminescence from Charge Transfer States in Polymer Solar Cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 131:33, s. 11819-11824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we report the weak but omnipresent electroluminescence (EL) from several types of organic polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells biased in the forward direction. The light emitted from blends of Some commonly used polymers and the fullerene molecule is significantly different from that of any of the pure materials comprising the blend. The lower energy of the blend EL is found to correlate with both the voltage onset of emission and the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic cell under solar illumination. WE., accordingly interpret the emission to originate from interfacial charge transfer state recombination and emphasize EL as a very valuable tool to characterize the charge transfer state present in donor/acceptor organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells.
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| 4. |
- Vandewal, Koen, et al.
(författare)
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On the origin of the open-circuit voltage of polymer-fullerene solar cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: NATURE MATERIALS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 8:11, s. 904-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing amount of research on solution-processable, organic donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction photovoltaic systems, based on blends of conjugated polymers and fullerenes has resulted in devices with an overall power-conversion efficiency of 6%. For the best devices, absorbed photon-to-electron quantum efficiencies approaching 100% have been shown. Besides the produced current, the overall efficiency depends critically on the generated photovoltage. Therefore, understanding and optimization of the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of organic solar cells is of high importance. Here, we demonstrate that charge-transfer absorption and emission are shown to be related to each other and V-oc in accordance with the assumptions of the detailed balance and quasi-equilibrium theory. We underline the importance of the weak ground-state interaction between the polymer and the fullerene and we confirm that V-oc is determined by the formation of these states. Our work further suggests alternative pathways to improve V-oc of donor-acceptor devices.
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| 5. |
- Zhou, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of a Charge Transfer State in Low-Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Blend Systems by Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Studies
- 2009
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Ingår i: ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS. - : Wiley. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 19:20, s. 3293-3299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of charge transfer states generated by the interaction between the fullerene acceptor PCBM and two alternating copolymers of fluorene with donor-acceptor-donor comonomers are reported; the generation leads to modifications in the polymer bandgap and electronic structure. In one of polymer/fullerene blends, the driving; force for photocurrent generation, i.e., the gap between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the donor and acceptor, is only 0.1 eV, but photocurrent is generated. It is shown that the presence of a charge transfer state is more important than the driving force. The charge transfer states are visible through new emission peaks in the photoluminescence spectra and through electroluminescence at a forward bias. The photoluminescence can be quenched under reverse bias, and can be directly correlated to the mechanism of photocurrent generation. The excited charge transfer state is easily dissociated into free charge carriers, and is an important intermediate state through which free charge carriers are generated.
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