| 51. |
- Hägglund, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary incontinence : an unexpected large problem among young females. Results from a population-based study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 16:5, s. 506-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The International Continence Society has defined urinary incontinence as a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is objectively demonstrable and is a social or hygiene problem. Urinary incontinence is presumably a common health problem among women even in younger ages. Objectives.The primary aim was to investigate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in a female population with a special focus on younger women (18–30 years old). The secondary aim was to investigate the association between UI and number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods.A population-based study with a self-administered questionnaire was set in the community of Surahammar, Sweden. Subjects were all women (3493) aged 18–70 years living in Surahammar during 1995. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of UI and variables such as number of deliveries, use of contraceptives or oestrogen substitutions, and UTIs. Results. Twenty-six per cent of the women reported problems of UI. The prevalence of UI in younger women was 12%. The number of reported complaints of UTIs was significantly higher in the women with UI compared with women without urinary incontinence (wUI). In the younger women UTI, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children were most frequent in those with UI. The use of contraceptives was more common in younger women without UI (P < 0.05). However, the use of oestrogen was more common in older women in the age group 51–70 years with UI (P < 0.01). Conclusion.Our findings have shown that 26% of the women who took part in the survey reported problems of UI. Among women below 30 years of age, 12% reported complaints of UI. We found a high prevalence of UI in younger women with a UTI, not taking oestrogen, nulliparous or having given birth to one or two children. There are needs for further investigations with a special focus on younger women
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| 52. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative review combined with a semantic review to explore the meaning of Swedish terms compatible with occupation, activity, doing and task
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 52-63
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to explore the intended meaning of the terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task” used in international occupational therapy literature and from this perspective explore which Swedish terms best capture these meanings. A literature review of occupational therapy-related journals was performed to gain a basic understanding of the term occupation and related terms. In addition, a semantic review was used: English and Swedish dictionaries were reviewed to explore the semantic meaning of the English terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task”, and the Swedish terms “aktivitet”, “syssla/sysselsättning”, “görande”, and “uppgift”. A comparison was also performed by searching for parallels between the results of the literature review, the semantic definitions of the English and Swedish terms and the comprehensive meaning of the Swedish terms aktivitet and syssla/sysselsättning. An overarching idea of the concept of occupation was found in the literature review and for the purposes of this study we have identified this as Occupation for survival. From this overarching idea, three themes were identified: The feature of occupation, Impact of occupation and Occupation an occupational therapy concept. Each theme could be subdivided into sub-themes. The Swedish term aktivitet was found to have more power, strength, and spirit connected to the synonyms found in the semantic analysis than to those connected with the Swedish term syssla/sysselsättning. According to the findings in this study we found that the term “aktivitet” is the best comparable term in Swedish to the English term “occupation”.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Josefsson, Karin
(författare)
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Municipal elderly care : implications of registered nurses' work situation, education, and competence
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Registered nurses (RNs) are key figures in municipal elderly care. It is a challenge to create necessary conditions that enable them to provide quality nursing care. These studies aimed to increase insight into RNs work conditions in municipal elderly care, and to compare RNs working solely in dementia care (DC) with RNs working in general elder care (GC). The specific aims were to describe RNs’ perceptions of: (I) their work situation, regarding demands, influences, and social support, as well as RNs characteristics; (II) violence and threats directed at them, other staff, and care recipients, as well as access to prevention measures and routines for handling violence and threats; (III) their education and competence development; (IV) their needs for knowledge, possibilities for competence development, supervision, organisation of RNs’ development, financial support, competence utilisation, and managers’ competence. A descriptive and comparative design was used. The setting consisted of 60 special housing with subunits in a large city in the middle of Sweden. A total of 213 RNs participated, with a response rate of 62%. Of those, 95 (45%) worked in DC and 118 (55%) in GC. A structured questionnaire, designed for these studies was used. Study I showed on average high time pressure in both groups. Greater knowledge and higher emotional and conflicting demands were found in DC. The majority reported greater opportunities to plan and perform daily work tasks than to influence the work situation in a wider context. On average, there was a high level of support at work from management and fellow workers. Study II indicated that RNs had witnessed and experienced a high degree of indirect threats, direct threats of violent acts, and violent acts, with care recipients also subject to threats and violence. The RNs in DC had greater access to education in managing threats and violence, and routines for managing violence and a door with a lock to their working unit. Study III revealed that RNs possessed a broad range of formal competence. On average, the RNs had 18 years of work experience as an RN. The majority lacked a Degree of Bachelor in Nursing. Few had adequate specialist competence. RNs in DC were willing to invest more in competence development whereas RNs in GC were more motivated to invest in competence development by seeking another position and by attaining a greater authority to make important decisions at work. Study IV showed that, on average, the RNs did not lack or hardly lacked knowledge in the examined domains. RNs in GC lacked knowledge of dementia, falls, and fall injures to a greater extent than RNs in DC. RNs in DC perceived greater possibilities for competence development at work. Most RNs, especially in GC, requested a better organisation for competence development. The majority of RNs had no supervision. Although the utilisation of the competence of RNs was high, RNs used their highest competence about half of the working hours. The employers’ financial contribution to RNs’ continuing education was poor. Conclusions drawn from the studies are: (I) RNs’ time pressure needs to be decreased and their influence on decisions increased. (II) Violence occurs equally frequently without any difference between DC and GC. More often, RNs in DC are offered education on how to manage violence and threats, and have routines for management of violence. Therefore, municipal authorities should increase staff education for management of violence and creating safety routines. Violence needs to be taken seriously with a ‘zero tolerance’ attitude. (III) It is important to develop the RNs’ competence and increase the utilisation of their competence. It is also essential to increase the number of RNs who have specialist competence. (IV) Better organisation and greater possibilities for RNs’ competence development is needed. Employers need to make a greater financial contribution to RNs’ competence development. RNs also need supervision. When combined, high demands and low control in the work situation form the most critical combination for the health of RNs. This may lead to sick-absenteeism and staff turnover. Thus, RNs’ time demands should be decreased, violence be minimised, and influence in decision-making increased in both groups. Further research is required on RNs’ competence development, family conditions, leisure, health, their ‘ideal work’, and the concept of general elder care.
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| 55. |
- Kihlgren, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Managements' perception of community nurses' decision-making processes when referring older adults to an emergency department
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 14:6, s. 428-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, older adults are living and being cared for under the responsibility of their respective community. Extensive reorganizations in the community led to management having different backgrounds, which may have caused uncertainty among community nurses, especially in decision-making processes. The aim was to understand how 10 nurses, 10 doctors and 10 home care assistants as leaders for the nurses conceptualized the decision-making processes of community nurses, when referring older persons to Emergency Departments, and whether perceptual differences and/or similarities exist. Narrative interviews and content analysis were performed. The managers had differing views, but all felt there was a need to feel secure in order to trust professional decisions as being correct, thus avoiding inappropriate referrals. Management could see nurses' exposed position, but had varying solutions. This might lead to different messages being given regarding what is important and might explain why the nurses reported that the managers did not understand them.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Langius-Eklöf, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life in relation to sense of coherence in a Swedish group of HIV-infected patients over a two-year follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: AIDS Patients Care and STDs. - New York : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1087-2914 .- 1557-7449. ; 23:1, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to describe HIV-infected patients' self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in relation to sense of coherence over a 24-month period. A total of 104 HIV-infected patients (71% males) answered questionnaires at three times at 12-month intervals. At the same time, clinical characteristics were collected from the patients' medical records. HRQOL was measured by the HIV-symptom scale, the Health Index, and the Well-Being Scale. Coping ability was measured with the 29-item sense of coherence (SOC) scale. The patients were divided into three groups depending on SOC scores (low, moderate, high). The results indicate that the group with low SOC scores rate their HRQOL worse than the other groups at all three measurements (p values from <0.05 to <0.001). Over the 2-year period, the patients' CD4 cell count=mm3 increased significantly (p values <0.001), indicating good response to antiretroviral treatment. However, their HRQOL did not improve during these 2 years. Patients with higher SOC rate their HRQOL better than those with a lower SOC, during these years. Future studies should investigate the predictive value of the SOC scale of HRQOL in HIV-infected patients.
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| 58. |
- Langius-Eklöf, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and psychiatric morbidity in terms of anxiety and depression in patients with major depression before and after electric convulsive treatment
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 23:2, s. 375-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific aim of this study was to explore if the Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale reflects and overlaps with standardized psychiatric assessments of depression and anxiety leading to the main hypothesis that the degree of depression decreases while the SOC scores remain stable. Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of major depression according to Axis I in DSM-IV and planned electric convulsive treatment (ECT) participated in the study. The clinician-rated instruments, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Global Assessment of Function (GAF), and the self-assessment instruments such as SOC and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Self Rating Scale for Affective Syndromes (CPRS-S-A) were used before and after the treatment. The patients showed statistically significant improvements in clinician-rated depression (p < 0.001) and functional status (p < 0.001), and in self-rated anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (p = 0.003). There was no significant improvement in SOC (p = 0.213). No significant correlations were found between the SOC scores and any of the measures except for GAF after treatment (r = 0.57, p = 0.039); the lower the SOC scores the greater was the functional dysfunction. In conclusion, the SOC Scale seems not to be a measure of psychopathology in terms of depression or anxiety merely.
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| 59. |
- Lidskog, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Learning about each other : Students' conceptions before and after interprofessional education on a training ward
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Interprofessional Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1356-1820 .- 1469-9567. ; 22:5, s. 521-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In interprofessional work the striving of the members of each profession to establish their own positive in-group identity can be a source of conflict and have a negative effect on care. To counteract this, interprofessional training wards (IPTWs) have been developed in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to investigate similarities and differences in how student nurses, student occupational therapists and student social workers perceived their own and the other two professions before and after clinical education on an IPTW. Sixteen students were interviewed before and after the training on an IPTW in municipal care for older people in Sweden. A coding scheme developed in an earlier study was used in the analysis of the interviews. The findings indicate that there are changes in the students' stereotyped views, enhancing understanding of each other's professions after three weeks' clinical education on the IPTW. In some areas, however, there are still discrepancies between the description of own profession and the others' understanding of this profession that need to be confronted. In interprofessional training during education in social and health care there needs to be a balance between on the one hand the particular professional identity, on the other the shared identity implied by membership of the health-care team focusing on a common goal.
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| 60. |
- Lidskog, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Students' learning experiences from interprofessional collaboration on a training ward in municipal care
- 2008
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Ingår i: Learning in Health and Social Care. - : Wiley. - 1473-6853 .- 1473-6861. ; 7:3, s. 134-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to offer students pursuing health and social care programmes realistic experiences of teamwork is interprofessional training wards where students from different educational programmes learn teamwork by working together. In the present study, a training ward in municipal care for older people was evaluated. Students from occupational therapy, nursing and social work programmes worked together on the ward for 3 weeks to learn with, from and about each other. The aim of the study was to compare students' attitudes towards practice on a training ward before and after and to evaluate goal fulfilment after 3 weeks' interprofessional education on a training ward. An attitude questionnaire was distributed to all students before and after their time on the ward, supplemented with a retrospective goal-fulfilment questionnaire afterwards. The results show that the collaborative, social experience the training ward offers was appreciated by the students and in most respects, met the learning goals set up for the course. The most important learning experience was working together in a real-life setting. However, there are some issues to take into consideration when planning and developing training wards. The setting needs to be realistic and relevant in relation to future roles for all of the student groups involved. The value and purpose of engaging together in basic patient care needs to be the subject of further investigation. When it comes to fostering competent team-workers, training wards seem to be one way forward. But to fully understand the challenges and difficulties involved in planning these wards, the learning achieved must be understood in the context of the setting as a whole, in all its aspects.
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