| 51. |
- Holmér, Gunnel, 1955-
(författare)
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Flaskor på löpande band : Arbete och arbetskraftsrekrytering vid Surte glasbruk 1943-1978
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation considers how the transition from craft manufacture to mechanized glass production affected the organization of work and the consequences for the recruitment of labour. Based on gender and ethnicity, the dissertation studies the composition of the workforce, the significance of qualifications, and differences in career paths and length of stay have been investigated at Surte glassworks 1943–1978. Charles Tilly’s theory of durable inequality is applied to analyse whether primarily gender and ethnicity had any effect on the assignment of tasks and on discrimination. In conclusion, the results from Surte are compared with conditions at Kosta glassworks. Whereas Surte’s specialty was machine-made bottles, Kosta was geared to craft production of utility glass and art glass.After mechanization at Surte, machine-tenders were counted among the most qualified category, instead of the glass-blowers who had previously been in demand. Manufacture at a pace regulated by machines led to more routine chores such as inspection and packaging. At Kosta, with its focus on craft, glass-blowers still had the highest positions and had learned glass-blowing in the traditional way through practical exercise. At neither Surte nor Kosta did women have any opportunity to receive comparable training.After the Second World War there was a growing need for labour at both Surte and Kosta, and to keep production going the main alternative was foreign labour. The peak was reached in the 1960s, and of roughly 660 collectively employed workers at Surte in November 1964, almost 40% were immigrants, chiefly from Finland. Kosta at the same time, with just under 330 employees, had slightly under 10% foreign workers, mainly from Greece. Kosta attracted a number of skilled glass-workers from abroad, but the majority of immigrants there, and all those at Surte, lacked experience of glass manufactureAt neither Surte nor Kosta, with their different production methods, is there any evidence of durable inequality based on ethnicity. The assignment of tasks was guided rather by the functions in demand at the companies and by the applicants’ qualifications. Internal training and career opportunities were open to all male workers, regardless of which country they came from. On the other hand, the gender division of labour at both glassworks created durable inequality for all women regardless of nationality.
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Intarasiri, Saweat, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of low-fluence swift iodine ion bombardment on the crystallization of ion-beam-synthesized silicon carbide
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 101:8, s. 084311-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion beam synthesis using high-fluence carbon ion implantation in silicon in combination with subsequent or in situ thermal annealing has been shown to be able to form nanocrystalline cubic SiC (3C-SiC) layers in silicon. In this study, a silicon carbide layer was synthesized by 40-keV C 12 + implantation of a p -type (100) Si wafer at a fluence of 6.5× 1017 ions cm2 at an elevated temperature. The existence of the implanted carbon in Si substrate was investigated by time-of-flight energy elastic recoil detection analysis. The SiC layer was subsequently irradiated by 10-30 MeV I 127 ions to a very low fluence of 1012 ions cm2 at temperatures from 80 to 800 °C to study the effect on the crystallization of the SiC layer. Infrared spectroscopy and Raman scattering measurement were used to monitor the formation of SiC and detailed information about the SiC film properties was obtained by analyzing the peak shape of the Si-C stretching mode absorption. The change in crystallinity of the synthesized layer was probed by glancing incidence x-ray diffraction measurement and transmission electron microscopy was also used to confirm the results and to model the crystallization process. The results from all these measurements showed in a coherent way that the synthesized structure was a polycrystalline layer with nanometer sized SiC crystals buried in a-Si matrix. The crystallinity of the SiC layer was enhanced by the low-fluence swift heavy ion bombardment and also favored by higher energy, higher fluence, and higher substrate temperature. It is suggested that electronic stopping plays a dominant role in the enhancement.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature evolution of structural and magnetic properties of stoichiometric LiCu2O2 : Correlation of thermal expansion coefficient and magnetic order
- 2014
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Ingår i: Solid State Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1293-2558 .- 1873-3085. ; 34, s. 97-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperature-dependent crystallographic and magnetic studies on stoichiometric single crystals of LiCu2O2 are reported. The temperature dependence of the lattice parameters was extracted from X-ray powder diffractograms collected on crushed single crystals, from 12 K to 295 K. The magnetic properties are similar to earlier findings demonstrating antiferromagnetic ordering below 25 K. Evidence of magnetoelastic coupling is observed in the thermal expansion along the c-direction; not only at the low temperature antiferromagnetic transitions, but an anomalous behavior of the thermal expansion indicate magnetoelastic coupling also to the magnetic ordering related to a weak spontaneous magnetic moment appearing at 150 K. Ac-susceptibility measurements at different frequencies and superposed dc-fields are employed to further characterize this magnetic anomaly.
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| 56. |
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IVIM reveals increased blood perfusion of liver metastases after oral intake of Salovum®
- 2015
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Ingår i: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0968-5243 .- 1352-8661.
-
Proceedings (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) of tumours impairs perfusion, which hinders anti-cancer drugs and oxygen to reach tumour cells1-3. AF-16, a 16 amino acid long sequence from the amino terminal end of the endogenous protein Antisecretory Factor (AF), supresses IFP in animal models of solid tumours4, and could improve drug delivery to tumour cells. Salovum®, a spray-dried egg yolk powder with high content of antisecretory peptides, should be tested on humans, but requires non-invasive tumour IFP/perfusion assessment methods. The IntraVoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) model applied to multi-b DWI enables measurement of tissue diffusion (D), pseudo-diffusion (D*) and voxel volume fraction of actively perfused capillaries (f) 5. The aim of this study was to investigate if f could be used to monitor changes induced by Salovum® in colorectal liver metastases in vivo Subjects and Methods Previously untreated patients (n=6) with colorectal liver metastases were imaged before, and 24h after intake of Salovum®, using IVIM-MRI (3T Philips, 16‐channel receiver; Single-shot, SE‐EPI (breath-hold); FOV covering liver, 3x3x5mm3 voxels; TR/TE/NSA/SENSE=1900ms/50ms/2/2; 11 b‐values (0-600); acquisition~10 min. MATLAB-based images processing comprised 1) Inter-scan image registration (volume preserving free-form deformation6); 2) Voxelwise fitting of D and A [eq.2] to S(b200-600) (for b>200, [eq.1] reduces to [eq.2], assuming D<2cm) on DWI (b=600), transfer of ROIs to corresponding f-maps for calculation of median ROI f before and after Salovum® intake and 4) Mann-Whitney U-test for statistical significance (α-level=0.05). Results Liver and metastases were well visualised on DWIs and f-maps Median f in metastatic tissue increased after intake of Salovum® in 5/6 patients, but decreased in one patient (Fig.2) (p<0.0001). Discussion/Conclusion The increased perfusion fraction on day 2 may offer a “window of opportunity” for improved transport of drugs to tumour cells. The increase in f was small, and perhaps not clinically significant, suggesting that additional time points after Salovum® intake and dose escalation be investigated, as well as intra-tumour effect heterogeneity. The proposed IVIM approach is a promising, non-invasive method for studying Salovum® induced changes in liver metastases in vivo. Further optimisation and fractionation studies should be conducted, and IVIM derived parameters should be compared to other techniques for perfusion or IFP measurements. References 1Rofstad,E.K.,et al.,Neoplasia. 2009;11(11):1243-51. 2Milosevic,M.F.,et al.,1999;43(5):1111-23. 3Wiig, H.,et al.,1982;42(2):159-64. 4Al-Olama, M.et al., 2011;50(7):1098-104. 5Le Bihan, D., et al., 1988;168(2):497-505. 6Rueckert, D., et al., 1999;18(8):712-21.
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| 57. |
- Jacobsson, T. Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Thermal Expansion Coefficients and Locating the Temperature-Induced Phase Transition in Methylammonium Lead Perovskites Using X-ray Diffraction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 54:22, s. 10678-10685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lead halogen perovskites, and particularly methylammonium lead iodine, CH3NH3PbI3, have recently attracted considerable interest as alternative solar cell materials, and record solar cell efficiencies have now surpassed 20%. Concerns have, however, been raised about the thermal stability of methylammonium lead iodine, and a phase transformation from a tetragonal to a cubic phase has been reported at elevated temperature. Here, this phase transition has been investigated in detail using temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements. The phase transformation is pinpointed to 54 degrees C, which is well within the normal operating range of a typical solar cell. The cell parameters were extracted as a function of the temperature, from which the thermal expansion coefficient was calculated. The latter was found to be rather high (alpha(v) = 1.57 X 10(-4) K-1) for both the tetragonal and cubic phases. This is 6 times higher than the thermal expansion coefficient for soda lime glass and CIGS and 11 times larger than that of CdTe. This could potentially be of importance for the mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells in the temperature cycling experienced under normal day night operation. The experimental knowledge of the thermal expansion coefficients and precise determination of the cell parameters can potentially also be valuable while conducting density functional theory simulations on these systems in order to deliver more accurate band structure calculations.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Johansson, Maria, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy strategies in the pulp and paper industry in Sweden : Interactions between efficient resource utilisation and increased product diversification
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pulp and paper industry faces several challenges linked to climate and environmental impact, resource efficiency, rising energy prices, increased competition for biomass resources, and declining demand for traditional printed paper products. However, these challenges also offer strategic opportunities for the industry to develop into a competitive, resource-efficient, and low-carbon industry in line with a biobased economy. Against this background, this paper aims to analyse current energy strategies in the pulp and paper industry in Sweden. Specifically, the paper analyses how companies combine continuous process efficiency to reduce energy costs with activities that could be developed into new energy-related products to increase revenue. Most of the analysed companies work to various degrees with both these strategies, employing methods that include improving energy efficiency, energy security, and energy conversion, as well as developing a wide range of biobased energy products. However, our study indicates that there is an untapped potential associated with energy product development, and we conclude that energy efficiency measures can free up resources, enabling the development of new energy products. Finally, several potential managerial outcomes and implications are outlined. © 2021 The Authors
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| 60. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Interaktioner mellan affärs-, energi- och innovationsstrategier i massa- och pappersindustrin - slutrapport
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällets omställning till en biobaserad ekonomi innebär nya möjligheter för svensk massa- och pappersindustri. Detta projekt har studerat hur massa- och pappersföretag i Sverige formulerar sina affärsstrategier i relation till krav på produktdiversifiering och förbättrad energi- och resurseffektivitet. Projektet har särskilt fokuserat på interaktioner mellan företagens affärs-, energi- och innovationsstrategier med syfte att öka kunskapen om dels företagens strategier och dels hur de tillsammans påverkar företagens möjligheter att möta de krav som ställs på branschen och, i förlängningen, deras förmåga att uppnå en hållbar och konkurrenskraftig produktion. Projektet har genomförts genom en intervjustudie med utvalda massa- och pappersföretag, en enkät till bruken i Sverige, dokumentstudier samt studier av utvalda innovationsprojekt. Studien har identifierat tre typer av affärsstrategier i branschen: bred differentiering, fokuserad differentiering samt kostnadsledarskap. De flesta studerade företag har en av de två förstnämnda strategierna. Resultaten visar att innovationsstrategierna har en tydlig relation till affärsstrategierna i det att företag som har en differentieringsstrategi strävar efter teknologiskt ledarskap eller åtminstone att vara snabba efterföljare, medan lågkostnadsproducenten har en innovationsstrategi som går ut på att följa efter senare än de andra. De studerade företagens energistrategier är mångfacetterade och kan relatera till företagets affärsstrategier på flera sätt. Energistrategin innefattar såväl aktiviteter som syftar till minskade kostnader som aktiviteter som syftar till att öka företagets intäkter. Alla företag i studien arbetar strategiskt med energi och har satt upp mål för detta arbete. Studien visar att företagen arbetar strategiskt med att minska sina energirelaterade kostnader genom energieffektivisering, energibesparing, självförsörjning av energi och byte till förnybar energi. Hälften av de studerade företagen arbetar även strategiskt med att ta fram och sälja energiprodukter för att härigenom öka sina intäkter och studien indikerar ett ökat intresse för detta. Studien har identifierat både synergier och konflikter mellan företagens innovations- och energistrategier. Synergier uppstår när energieffektiviseringar resulterar i processinnovationer (och vice versa), produktinnovationer leder till förbättrade energiprestanda eller nya biobaserade produkter ersätter fossilbaserade produkter. Samtidigt finns det även konflikter, eller trade-off, mellan innovation- och energistrategier, till exempel i form av ökad energianvändning i samband med produktionen av nya produkter. I dessa fall, är innovationens potentiella lönsamhet, eller business case, avgörande: innovationer med hög lönsamhet satsas på trots högre energianvändning.
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