| 61. |
- Björkman, Christina
(författare)
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Computer Science, Gender and Knowledge : Situated Readings
- 2003
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Ingår i: How do we make a difference?. - Luleå : Division Gender and Technology, Luleå University of Technology. - 9197256897 ; , s. 157-174
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A text is read, interpreted and comprehended in different ways, depending on for example the perspectives of the reader. As a reader I take an active part in the creation of meaning when I interact with the text and so also, indirectly, with the author(s). In this paper I explore what I call situated readings, using the concept of partial perspectives in reading a text. I will read a text on women and computer science, an article from Communications of the ACM 1997. This article has gained a lot of attention and is still frequently cited within the community of computer scientists. This reading exercise reflects my own development, in that I explicitly try to make use of my background and experiences. I am a lecturer in computer science, and for a number of years I have been interested in questions and issues surrounding the under-representation of women within computer science and in the various different attempts to define, describe and suggest solutions to this ‘problem’. I have gone from taking part in, and actively leading, projects targeting women within CS, to an interest in trying to gain a complex understanding of this issue and challenging existing frameworks and explanations. The reading will reflect how my questions mainly concerning the low number of women in CS have evolved, as a result of experience and later from feminist studies, into other questions, approaching “the science question” (Harding 1986).
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| 62. |
- Björkman, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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”Att resa tillsammans” – Kunskapsnätverken i Blekinge
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna uppsats diskuterar vi samverkan mellan högskolan och företagen genom olika berättelser. Den första berättelsen hämtar inspiration från begreppen ´triple helix´ och ´distribueradkunskapsproduktion´. Med hjälp av dessa begrepp kan vi åstadkomma en berättelse som syftar till att fånga in en övergripande samhällsdiskurs och därmed en mer abstrakt berättelse om hur relationerna mellan akademin och företagen kan omformuleras och omprövas. Den andra berättelsen landar i Blekinge och tar sin empiriska utgångspunkt från att presentera historia och nutid för två kunskapsnätverk som drivs i samarbete mellan Blekinge tekniska högskola och två företagsbranscher, nämligen tillverkningsindustrin och callcenterföretag. I vår historiebeskrivning och analys hämtar vi inspiration och verktyg från Actor-Network Theory (ANT) och dess vidareutveckling, Actor-Network Theory and After (ANTA). Den första analytiska blicken omfattas av hur ´samverkansdiskursen´ och de befintliga regionala nätverken deltar i pågående förhandlingar/processer där olika förståelser av kunskap står i centrum. Den andra analytiska blicken riktar vi mot nätverkskoordinatorn, anställd av högskolan. På vilket sätt initierade koordinatorn som talesman de övriga deltagarna till projektet? Hur tydlig var ´invitationen´? Vilka förväntningar hade de olika nätverksdeltagarna? Utöver människor finns det också icke-mänskliga aktörer, som till exempel tid och pengar. Hur agerade de? Med vilket kunskapsperspektiv gick högskolan in i nätverksarbetet? Vilka kunskapssyner hade de deltagande företagen? Kan vi förstå kunskapsförhandlingar genom att utgå från två samexisterande kunskapsperspektiv: teoretisk kunskap och praktisk kunskap? Hur förhöll sig högskolan respektive de deltagande företagen till dessa perspektiv? Den andra blicken riktar vi oss mot kunskapsnätverkens stabilitet. Hur stabila är de existerande kunskapsnätverken? Vad innebär stabilitet? Har nätverkens ursprungliga mål och innehåll förändrats under tidens gång? Är stabilitet alltid något eftersträvansvärt eller kan det finnas negativ stabilitet? Vi syftar till att genom de lokala tillämpningarna kunna förstå på vilket sätt samarbete mellan akademin och företagen kan växa fram så att samarbetet kan bli givande för bägge parter. Vi syftar också till att synliggöra de kritiska punkterna för samarbetet mellan akademin och företagen. Parallellt med detta syftar vi också till att se vilka faktorer som kan bidra till att samarbetet blir meningsfullt och kraftfullt.
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| 63. |
- Blomberg, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
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An Ethnographic Approach to Design
- 2002
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Ingår i: Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction in Interactive Systems. - New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc..
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Living with persistent pain : experiences of older people receiving home care
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - OXFORD : BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; , s. 297-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Although the topic of pain among older people has received increasing interest, little is still known about how pain is experienced or handled by those who no longer manage independently but depend on professionals for help with daily living. Developing pain management for older people requires such knowledge. Aim. To explore sense of self, sense of pain, daily living with pain, sense of others and ways of handling pain in older people with persistent pain. Methods. Interviews with 90 older people receiving home care from nursing auxiliaries in their own homes or in sheltered accommodation were collected from January to June 2000. A typology of older people in persistent pain was developed. Activities for handling pain were examined using content analysis. Findings. Respondents' experiences of themselves and their pain varied. Two groups of older people, considered as 'competent and proud' and 'confident and serene', expressed satisfaction in spite of pain, while the groups 'misunderstood and disappointed' and 'resigned and sad' expressed dissatisfaction. The most common strategies used were medication, rest, mobility, distracting activities and talking about pain. Respondents chose strategies by balancing the advantages of the activities against the disadvantages these brought for their daily living. Conclusion. This study indicates that characteristics of the older people, such as their way of experiencing themselves, how pain affects their daily life and how they perceive effects and side-effects of pain management are areas that need to be identified when staff assess pain and plan pain management. Caring for older people in pain could be improved by listening to and believing their complaints, evaluating effects and side-effects from medications and nonpharmacological pain management and by emphasising the importance of common everyday activities such as mobility and distraction to relieve pain.
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| 66. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Managing pain in older persons who receive home-help for their daily living. Perceptions by older persons and care providers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - OXFORD : BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; , s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain is a common problem for older persons who need professional help for their daily living. In this study 94 older persons (75+) in persistent pain were compared with 52 care providers concerning the pain management methods they had used/administered during the previous week and how helpful they perceived these methods to be. interviews were based on 16 items from the original version of the pain management inventory (PMI). Both groups perceived prescribed medication, rest and distraction as the most frequently utilized methods. Specific methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or bracing/splinting or bandaging the affected body part were seldom employed, although most users perceived these methods as helpful. Care providers perceived most methods for managing pain as more effective than older persons did. The results imply that care providers need skills in a variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to manage pain and a need to evaluate effectiveness of the methods in a systematic way.
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| 67. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin
(författare)
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Older People in Persistent Pain : Nursing and Paramedical Staff Perceptions and Pain Management
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 41:6, s. 575-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Persistent pain is a common problem for older people. Knowledge about how nursing and paramedical staff perceive these people and what they do to relieve the pain seems scarce. Aim. To explore nursing and paramedical staff perceptions of older people in persistent pain and their day-to-day management of pain. Methods. Interviews in Swedish with 52 nursing auxiliaries, Registered Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were collected from February to May 2000. The analysis was based on their stories (n = 150) about older people in persistent pain who received help in their own homes or in special accommodation. A typology of staff perceptions of pain in older people was developed. Activities to manage pain were examined using content analysis. Results. Respondents perceived the pain as real, exaggerated, trivial, care-related, endured, concealed, self-caused or inarticulate. Older people perceived as exaggerating the pain, those with care-related and self-caused pain evoked frustration in the staff, while those perceived as enduring their pain evoked satisfaction. Various strategies to manage pain were used: no activity, medication, mediating contacts, distracting activities, physical therapies, mobility, work in a gentle way, rest or relieving pressure on body part, and communication concerning pain. The activities differed between the types, as well as between staff with different professional backgrounds. Conclusion. Care and treatment provided by staff should be based on older people's needs rather than on staff attitudes and preferences. The typology revealed that staff perceived older people in pain as a heterogeneous group and that their perceptions affected the pain-relieving activities that were offered. It seems urgent to address how to handle pain in older people who never complain and those who complain a great deal, as well as how to handle pain in people with impaired communicative ability. Reflective discussions on feelings related to different individuals are needed.
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| 68. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, 1953-
(författare)
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Older people in persistent pain : nursing and paramedical staff perceptions and pain management
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 41:6, s. 575-584
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Persistent pain is a common problem for older people. Knowledge about how nursing and paramedical staff perceive these people and what they do to relieve the pain seems scarce. AIM: To explore nursing and paramedical staff perceptions of older people in persistent pain and their day-to-day management of pain. METHODS: Interviews in Swedish with 52 nursing auxiliaries, Registered Nurses, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were collected from February to May 2000. The analysis was based on their stories (n = 150) about older people in persistent pain who received help in their own homes or in special accommodation. A typology of staff perceptions of pain in older people was developed. Activities to manage pain were examined using content analysis. RESULTS: Respondents perceived the pain as real, exaggerated, trivial, care-related, endured, concealed, self-caused or inarticulate. Older people perceived as exaggerating the pain, those with care-related and self-caused pain evoked frustration in the staff, while those perceived as enduring their pain evoked satisfaction. Various strategies to manage pain were used: no activity, medication, mediating contacts, distracting activities, physical therapies, mobility, work in a gentle way, rest or relieving pressure on body part, and communication concerning pain. The activities differed between the types, as well as between staff with different professional backgrounds. CONCLUSION: Care and treatment provided by staff should be based on older people's needs rather than on staff attitudes and preferences. The typology revealed that staff perceived older people in pain as a heterogeneous group and that their perceptions affected the pain-relieving activities that were offered. It seems urgent to address how to handle pain in older people who never complain and those who complain a great deal, as well as how to handle pain in people with impaired communicative ability. Reflective discussions on feelings related to different individuals are needed.
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| 69. |
- Boldt, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Spyware Effects
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss various types of spyware programs, their behaviour, how they typically infect computers, and the propagation of new varieties of spyware programs. In two experiments, we investigate the occurrence and impact of spyware programs found in popular P2P applications. Based on the findings from the empirical investigations, we try to lift the perspective to a more general view on spyware deriving from the theory of (virtual) network effects. In a model, we categorize in what ways spyware might decrease the utility of belonging to a large virtual network. Here, the baseline is that spyware programs intrude systems and networks, but since they profit from user data they also intrude user privacy. In the model, the intrusions are classified as moderate, severe or disastrous. We found that spyware has the potential to overthrow the positive aspects of belonging to a large network, and network owners should therefore be very careful about permitting such programs in applications and on networks.
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| 70. |
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