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731.
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732.
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733.
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734.
  • Klaesson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Introduction
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Advances in Spatial Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 1-26
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metropolitan growth has been dramatic in the industrialized countries since the Second World War. Today, metropolitan regions are increasingly recognized as the national growth and development engines in a globalizing world (Jacobs 1984; Huggins 1997), and in particular as the driving forces in national as well as global innovation processes (Shefer and Frenkel 1998). In the industrialized countries, the metropolitan regions play a critical role not only as major generators of value added but also as major nodes for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship as well as for communication and transportation. In line with Duranton and Puga (2005), one could claim that metropolitan regions are functionally specialized in the invention and creation on new products, i.e. innovation. Thus, since they are highly diversified and contain a broad range of different types of industries, local business services and firm sizes, they function as “incubator cities” (Chinitz 1961) or “nursery cities” (Duranton and Puga 2001), i.e. as superior ‘incubators’ for the development of innovations and for the development and growth of both new and small firms. 
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735.
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736.
  • Klaesson, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Metropolitan Regions : Preconditions and Strategies for Growth and Development in the Global Economy
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The importance of metropolitan regions as national growth and development engines, and in particular as driving forces in national as well as global innovation processes is well recognized. This paper highlights the role of metropolitan regions in different contexts in order to lay a foundation for future research on metropolitan regions and their development. Specifically, the paper dwells on the role of metropolitan regions as nodes in national and international networks and as nodes of knowledge generation and innovation. Further, market potential as a concept describing the economic concentration to and the opportunities of making contacts within and between metropolitan regions is introduced. Additionally, the internal dynamic of metropolitan regions and the role of fast and slow processes is described. Lastly this paper illustrates how the input and output market potentials represent factors that adjust slowly and that play the same role for metropolitan development as metropolitan infrastructure.
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737.
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738.
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739.
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740.
  • Koči, Love, 1976- (författare)
  • Studies of Material Properties using Ab Initio and Classical Molecular Dynamics
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this thesis, material properties have been examined under extreme conditions in computer-based calculations.The research on iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and ferropericlase (Mg1-xFexO) are not only important for our understanding of the Earth, but also for an improved knowledge of these materials per se.An embedded-atom model for Fe demonstrated to reproduce properties such as structure factors, densities and diffusion constants, and was employed to evaluate temperature gradients at Earth core conditions. A similar interaction together with a two-temperature method was applied for the analysis of shock-induced melting of Ni. For Mg1-xFexO, the magnetic transition pressure was shown to increase with iron content. Furthermore, the C44 softening with pressure and iron composition supports the experimentally observed phase transition for Mg0.8Fe0.2O at 35 GPa.The properties of high density helium (He) is of great interest as the gas is one of the most abundant elements in the solar system. Furthermore, He and neon (Ne) are often used as pressure media in diamond anvil cells. The melting of He showed a possible fcc-bcc-liquid transition starting at T=340 K, P=22 GPa with a Buckingham potential, whereas the bcc phase was not seen with the Aziz form. For Ne, Monte Carlo calculations at ambient pressure showed very accurate results when extrapolating the melting temperatures to an infinite cluster limit. At high pressure, a one-phase ab initio melting curve showed a match with one-phase L-J potential results, which could imply a correspondence between ab initio/classical one-phase/two-phase calculations.In the search for hard materials, ab initio calculations for four TiO2 phases were compared. Just as imposed by experiment, the cotunnite phase was found to be very hard. The anomalous elastic behavior of the superconducting group-V metals V, Nb, Ta was found to be related to shrinking nesting vectors and the electronic topological transition (ETT).
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