| 5431. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive decline, stability, and gain between ages 70 and 79 in three Swedish birth cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: 4th International Conference Aging & Cognition 2017, April 20–22. ; , s. 50-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate secular trends regarding proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain between ages 70 and 79 years. For this purpose we analyzed data from three Swedish birth cohorts, born 1901-02, 1906-07, and 1930, and four cognitive measures (i.e. verbal meaning, figure identification, logical reasoning, and spatial ability). Using the standard error of measurement (SEm) at baseline (i.e. 70 years of age), participants were categorized as showing cognitive decline (if decreasing by more the 1 SEm between ages 70 and 79), gain (if increasing by more than 1 SEm) or otherwise evincing stability. χ²-tests indicated statistically significant differences between the cohorts for all four cognitive measures. For all cognitive measures earlier born cohorts consisted of a smaller proportion of individuals showing cognitive decline, and a larger proportion showing cognitive gain compared to later born cohorts. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in terms of cohort differences in selective survival and/or cognitive reserve.
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| 5432. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort Differences in the Association of Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Aging
- 2018
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Ingår i: GeroPsych. - Goettingen : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 31:4, s. 195-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate birth cohort differences in associations between cardiovascular risk and fluid cognition between the age of 70 and 79. Method: Data were drawn from representative population-based cohort samples (H70), born 1901–1902, 1906–1907, and 1930, measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 on fluid cognitive measures (spatial ability and logical reasoning). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), derived from office-based nonlaboratory predictors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking, diabetes status), was used to measure cardiovascular risk. Multiple-group latent growth curve models were fitted to the data. Findings: Estimates revealed small associations between the FRS and fluid cognition. These associations were slightly reduced in the 1930 cohort. Conclusion: Findings suggest diminishing adverse effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive aging in cohorts born later. © 2018 Hogrefe AG.
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| 5433. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Training high school students in resisting disinformation and conspiracy theories – Preliminary findings and experiences from an ongoing research project
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023: Book of abstracts.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper draws on findings from an ongoing research project called ”Effects of a multi-module intervention designed to increase critical thinking and the ability to identify misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories in high school students”. The aim of this project is to empirically evaluate an educational intervention consisting of six one-hour sessions. The sessions include traditional lectures regarding critical thinking, misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories but also includes a game (Bad news), and group discussions, all designed to train high school students in critical thinking as well as the capacity to identify disinformation and conspiracy theories. The project combines competences from media and communication studies, psychology, political science, and data communication, and the intervention has so far been implemented in three Swedish high schools. In the paper we discuss preliminary findings and experiences drawn from the first phase of the project. We will also discuss the applicability of the intervention, and challenges that we have identified. © Author/s
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| 5434. |
- Karlsson, Peter, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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What can we Expect of Cognition after 70? Cognitive Decline, Stability, and Gain between 70 and 79 Years in Three Swedish Birth Cohorts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of gerontology & geriatric medicine. - Herndon : Herald Scholary Open Access. - 2381-8662. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is substantial heterogeneity in cognitive aging trajectories. Although the number of individuals showing cognitive decline increases with age, significant proportions remain stable or show gains. The aim of this study was to investigate birth cohort differences regarding proportions of individuals showing cognitive decline, stability, or gain between ages 70 and 79. We analyzed longitudinal data from three Swedish birth cohorts from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, born 1901-02, 1906-07 and 1930, measured on four cognitive measures (i.e., verbal meaning, figure identification, logical reasoning and spatial ability). We used the standard error of measurement (SEM=s√(1-rxx) at baseline (i.e., 70 years of age) to categorize participants as showing cognitive decline (if scores decreased by >1 SEM between ages 70 and 79), cognitive stability (if change was ≤1SEM), or cognitive gain (if increasing by >1 SEM).Analyses, using χ2- tests, showed that a substantial proportion remained stable over the 9-year period. Our findings also indicated significant cohort differences for all four cognitive measures, with weak to moderate effect sizes. Interestingly earlier born cohorts contained a higher proportion of participants showing cognitive gain and a smaller proportion showing cognitive decline, compared to later born cohorts. Possible explanations for these cohort differences may relate to cohort differences in cognitive reserve, selective survival and psychometric properties of the cognitive tests. These findings have implications for instance regarding the debate concerning postponing retirement age, and the use of cognitive tests in evaluations of for example work capability. © 2019 Karlsson P, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 5435. |
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| 5436. |
- Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Antipsychotic medication in relation to national directives in people with dementia in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Innovation in Aging. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 2399-5300. ; 1:S1, s. 348-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore trends in treatment with antipsychotic medication in Swedish dementia care as reported in the most recent empirical studies on the topic, and to relate these trends to directives and recommendations from national authorities.The study included two scoping review studies and two empirical studies. The scoping studies reviewed published data in electronic databases as well as Swedish recommendations and directives in the field.During the past decade, recommendations have been developed regarding antipsychotic medication in Sweden. These recommendations were generic at first, but have become increasingly specific and restrictive with time. The scoping review showed that treatment with antipsychotic drugs varied between 6% and 38%, and was higher in younger older persons and those with moderate cognitive impairment and living in nursing homes for people with dementia. A trend towards a decrease in antipsychotic use has been seen over the last 15 years. The empirical studies showed that the medication with antipsychotics decreased from 23.4% in 2001 to 11.5% in 2007, for older people in general as well as for older people with dementia. Among older people with dementia, 10% were utilizing antipsychotic medication, with no difference between those cared for at home and those in nursing homes.Directives from Swedish national authorities seem to have had an impact on antipsychotic medication for people with dementia. Treatment with antipsychotic medication has decreased, while other psychotropic medication has increased. National directives may possibly be even more effective, if applied in combination with systematic follow-ups.
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| 5437. |
- Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Best practice and needs of improvement in the chain of care for persons with dementia in Sweden
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The fragmentation of responsibilities in the chain of care may result in information lost, duplications and discontinuity. This may in turn lead to consequences for the person with dementia dealing with unmet care needs.AIM: The aim of the study was to explore professional care providers’ and stakeholders' views of best practice and needs of improvement of information, collaboration and communication in the chain of care for persons with dementia in Sweden.METHOD: The study was carried out with an explorative qualitative design based on three focus group interviews. The text was analysed with qualitative content analysis.RESULTS: The participants’ views of best practices and needs of improvement resulted in six themes following the trajectory of dementia. “Dementia diagnosis significant for receiving care”, “Day care for person with dementia supportive to home care”, “Collaboration between staff important for information delivery”, “Skilled staff for person-centred care”, “The life story of the person with dementia important source of information”, and “Relatives participation for continuity in the chain of care”. CONCLUSION: A well-functioning network between different professional care providers seems to have an impact on best practice in the chain of care for persons with dementia so they could remain at home despite loss of mental and physical functions.
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| 5438. |
- Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Care satisfaction among older people receiving public care and service at home or in special accommodation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 22:3-4, s. 318-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To explore care satisfaction in relation to place of living, health-related quality of life, functional dependency and health complaints among people 65 years or older, receiving public care and service. The concept public care and service concerns formal care from the municipality, including home help, home nursing care, rehabilitation and a special accommodation.Background: To be able to provide care and service of high quality to older people, knowledge about factors influencing their experience of satisfaction with the care is essential.Design: Cross-sectional, including comparison and correlation.Methods: One-hundred sixty-six people receiving public care and service from the municipality were interviewed regarding demography, functional ability, perceived health complaints and care. Health-related quality of life was measured with SF-12, and self-rated care satisfaction was measured with a questionnaire.Results: Low self-rated care satisfaction was associated with dependency in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, blindness, faeces incontinence and anxiety, while high self-rated care satisfaction was associated with dependency in Personal Activities of Daily Living. Those at home rated an overall higher care satisfaction and were more satisfied with care continuity and personal relations; they thought that the staff had more time and were more respectful and quiet, than the ratings by those in a special accommodation (equivalent to a nursing home).Conclusions: Care satisfaction and health-related quality of life among older people was more associated with functional impairment and health complaints than to whether care and service was received at home or in a special accommodation.Relevance to clinical practice: An approach using intervention focused on functional ability and health complaints is important for development of improved care satisfaction for older people receiving public care and service.
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| 5439. |
- Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Care satisfaction among older people receiving public care and service, at home or in special accommodation
- 2012
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Ingår i: 21st Nordic Congress of Gerontology : Dilemmas In Ageing Societies. ; , s. 136-136
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to be able to provide care and service of high quality to older people, knowledge about factors influencing their experience of satisfaction with the care is essential.Aim: The aim was to explore care satisfaction in relation to health related quality of life, functional dependency, health complaints and place of living among people 65 years or older, receiving formal care and service.Methods: 166 people receiving care and service from the municipality were interviewed regarding demography, functional ability, perceived health complaints and care. Health related quality of life was measured with SF-12, and care satisfaction was measured with a questionnaire.Results: The people were in mean 84 years old and those at home were more often cohabitating, less dependent in activities of daily living, less cognitively impaired and had fewer health complaints regarding mobility, faeces incontinence and pressure ulcer, compared to those in special accommodation (equivalent to nursing home). Low care satisfaction was associated with IADL dependency, blindness, faeces incontinence and anxiety, while high care satisfaction was associated with PADL dependency. Those at home rated an overall higher care satisfaction and were more satisfied with care continuity, personal relations and that staff have plenty of time, are respectful and quiet, than those in special accommodation.Conclusions: Care satisfaction and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people was found to be more associated to functional impairment and health complaints than to whether care and service is received at home or in special accommodation.
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| 5440. |
- Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Care satisfaction among older people receiving public care and service, at home or in special accommodation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Positioning Nursing for the Future: Advancing Nurses´Role in Community and Home Care. ; , s. 100-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to be able to provide care and service of high quality to older people, knowledge about factors influencing their experience of satisfaction with the care is essential.Purpose: To explore care satisfaction in relation to health related quality of life, functional dependency, health complaints and place of living among people 65 years or older, receiving formal care and service.Methods: 166 people receiving care and service from the municipality were interviewed regarding demography, functional ability, perceived health complaints and care. Health related quality of life was measured with SF-12, and care satisfaction was measured with a questionnaire.Results: The people were in mean 84 years old and those at home were more often cohabitating, less dependent in activities of daily living, less cognitively impaired and had fewer health complaints regarding mobility, faeces incontinence and pressure ulcer, compared to those in special accommodation (equivalent to nursing home). Low care satisfaction was associated with IADL dependency, blindness, faeces incontinence and anxiety, while high care satisfaction was associated with PADL dependency. Those at home rated an overall higher care satisfaction and were more satisfied with care continuity, personal relations and that staff have plenty of time, are respectful and quiet, than those in special accommodation.Conclusions: Care satisfaction and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people was found to be more associated to functional impairment and health complaints than to whether care and service is received at home or in special accommodation.
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