| 991. |
- Jonsson, Patrik, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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An inherent differentiation and system level assessment approach to inventory management: A safety stock method comparison
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Logistics Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0957-4093 .- 1758-6550. ; 30:2, s. 663-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose : This paper explains the effects of inherent differentiation and system level performance assessment in inventory management. This is done by comparing the performance of two common safety stock methods, by considering the methods’ inherent differentiation and item group level performance effects. Design/Methodology/Approach : Due to lack of analytical relationships between the two methods the analysis is based on event-driven simulations. Data is collected from eight different case companies. Findings : Findings explain the importance of assessing safety stock performance for groups of items and not for individual items, as is common in academic studies. It explains how the methods’ inherent differentiation and planning environment characteristics affect the relative performances of the two safety stock methods. Research implications : The study explains the importance of assessing performance of safety stock methods on a system level, rather than on item level measures. It explains why the demand fill-rate method has a negative impact on performance for groups of items, while the number-of-days method has a positive impact. The study also explains how the group-level safety stock performance is affected by five demand data characteristics. Practical implications : Understanding the necessity of system level assessment of safety stock performance, how methods inherently differentiate service levels, and how demand characteristics affect methods’ performance can guide the choice of safety stock methods in companies. Originality/value : No research on the characteristics of the number-of-days safety stock method, any assessment of differentiation characteristics of and comparison with the demand fill-rate method, has been published. The variable ‘inherent differentiation’ is also introduced and defined.
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| 992. |
- Löfsten, Hans, 1963
(författare)
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Business and innovation resources: determinants for the survival of new technology-based firms
- 2016
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Ingår i: Management Decision. - 0025-1747. ; 54:1, s. 88-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze how new technology- based firms' (NTBF) business and innovation resources affect firm survival. Design/methodology/approach - The study leverages a data set comprised of 131 Swedish NTBFs located in 16 incubators. The first part of the analysis investigates the determinants of firm survival, and the second presents a statistical analysis. The business resources examined in this study consist of business planning and localization variables and four latent variables are developed. Patents at the firm start or during the firm's first three years are considered as innovation resources. Findings - First, this study shows that the latent business plans variable has a significant positive connection with firm survival. Second, patent development during firms' initial years is critical to firm survival. Originality/value - This study is longitudinal, with the first data collection occurring in 2005 and the second in 2014. The firms' 2013 annual reports suggest that the firms' survival rate is 55 percent. This longitudinal research that spans eight years shows how the development of patents is highly significant to firm survival.
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| 993. |
- Löfsten, Hans, 1963
(författare)
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Organisational capabilities and the long-term survival of new technology-based firms
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Business Review. - 0955-534X. ; 28:3, s. 312-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aims to analyse organisational capabilities among new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and examine how these capabilities are linked to the firms’ long-term survival. Design/methodology/approach: The study leverages a data set of 131 NTBFs located at 16 incubators in Sweden. The first part of the analysis seeks suitable organisational capabilities as determinants of firm survival. The second part is a statistical analysis. The organisational capabilities comprise six variables concerning business experience, financing and international markets. Findings: The study comprises two data collections, with the first data collection being conducted in 2005, and the second in 2014. The survival rate for these firms was 55 per cent according to their respective annual reports in 2013. First, this study showed that the logistic regression model that included the three organisational capabilities is significant. Second, one variable is significant at the variable level: business experience. In addition, the control variable firm size is also significant. Originality/value: Further empirical research in this area is required as the current research on organisational capabilities is quite limited and mainly conceptual in nature. Very few related studies focus on NTBFs and their survival. This study demonstrates a significant logistic regression model to determine links between organisational capabilities and firm survival.
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| 994. |
- Shurrab, Hafez, 1987
(författare)
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Balancing Demand and Supply in Complex Manufacturing Operations: Tactical-Level Planning Processes
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By balancing medium-term demand and supply, tactical planning enables manufacturing firms to realize strategic, long-term business objectives. However, such balancing in engineer-to-order (ETO) and configured-to-order (CTO) operations, due to the constant pressure of substantial complexity (e.g., volatility, uncertainty, and ambiguity), induces frequent swings between over- and undercapacity and thus considerable financial losses. Manufacturers respond to such complexity by using planning processes that address the business’s needs and risks at various medium-term horizons, ranging from 3 months to 3 years. Because the importance of decision-making increases exponentially as the horizon shrinks, understanding the interaction between complexity and demand-supply balancing requires extending findings reported in the literature on operations and supply chain planning and control. Therefore, this thesis addresses complexity’s impact on planning medium-term demand-supply balancing on three horizons: the strategic– tactical interface, the tactical level, and the tactical–operational interface. To explore complexity’s impact on demand–supply balancing in planning processes, the thesis draws on five studies, the first two of which addressed customer order fulfillment in ETO operations. Whereas Study I, an in-depth single-case study, examined relevant tactical-level decisions, planning activities, and their interface with the complexity affecting demand–supply balancing at the strategic–tactical interface, Study II, an in-depth multiple-case study, revealed the cross-functional mechanisms of integration affecting those decisions and activities and their impact on complexity. Next, Study III, also an in-depth multiple-case study, investigated areas of uncertainty, information-processing needs (IPNs), and information-processing mechanisms (IPMs) within sales and operations planning in ETO operations. By contrast, Studies IV and V addressed material delivery schedules (MDSs) in CTO operations; whereas Study IV, another in-depth multiple-case study, identified complexity interactions causing MDS instability at the tactical–operational interface, Study V, a case study, quantitatively explained how several factors affect MDS instability. Compiling six papers based on those five studies, the thesis contributes to theory and practice by extending knowledge about relationships between complexity and demand–supply balancing within a medium-term horizon. Its theoretical contributions, in building upon and supporting the limited knowledge on tactical planning in complex manufacturing operations, consist of a detailed tactical-level planning framework, identifying IPNs generated by uncertainty, pinpointing causal and moderating factors of MDS instability, and balancing complexity-reducing and complexity-absorbing strategies, cross-functional integrative mechanisms, IPMs, and dimensions of planning process quality. Meanwhile, its practical contributions consist of concise yet holistic descriptions of relationships between complexity in context and in demand– supply balancing. Manufacturers can readily capitalize on those descriptions to develop and implement context-appropriate tactical-level planning processes that enable efficient, informed, and effective decision-making.
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| 995. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Discounting and distributional considerations in the context of global warming
- 2017
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Ingår i: Climate Change. ; , s. 253-268
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The economics of global warming is reviewed with special emphasis on how the cost depends on the discount rate and on how costs in poor and rich regions are aggregated into a global cost estimate. Both of these factors depend on the assumptions made concerning the underlying utility and welfare functions. It is common to aggregate welfare gains and losses across generations and countries as if the utility of money were constant, but it is not If we assume that a C02-equivalent doubling implies costs equal to 1.5% of the income in both high and low income countries, a pure rate of time preference equal to zero, and a utility function which is logarithmic in income, then the marginal cost of C02 emissions is estimated at 260-590 USD/ton C for a time horizon in the range 300-1000 years, an estimate which is large enough to justify significant reductions of C02 emissions on purely economic grounds. The estimate is approximately 50-100-times larger than the estimate made by Nordhaus in his DICE model and the difference is almost completely due to the choice of discount rate and the weight given to the costs in the developing world as well as a more accurate model of the carbon cycle. Finally, the sensitivity of the marginal cost estimate with respect to several parameters is analyzed.
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| 996. |
- Johansson, Daniel, 1975
(författare)
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Economics- and physical-based metrics for comparing greenhouse gases
- 2012
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-1480 .- 0165-0009. ; 110:1-2, s. 123-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A range of alternatives to the Global Warming Potential (GWP) have been suggested in the scientific literature. One of the alternative metrics that has received attention is the cost-effective relative valuation of greenhouse gases, recently denoted Global Cost Potential (GCP). However, this metric is based on complex optimising integrated assessment models that are far from transparent to the general scientist or policymaker. Here we present a new analytic metric, the Cost-Effective Temperature Potential (CETP) which is based on an approximation of the GCP. This new metric is constructed in order to enhance general understanding of the GCP and elucidate the links between physical metrics and metrics that take economics into account. We show that this metric has got similarities with the purely physical metric, Global Temperature change Potential (GTP). However, in contrast with the GTP, the CETP takes the long-term temperature response into account.
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| 997. |
- Elert, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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When Less Is More: Why Limited Entrepreneurship Education May Result in Better Entrepreneurial Outcomes
- 2020
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. - Dublin, Ireland : Senate Hall Academic Publishing. - 2009-2822. ; 18:1, s. 1-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship research suggests that entrepreneurship education and training can bridge the gender gap in entrepreneurship, but little empirical research exists assessing the validity and impact of such initiatives. We examine a large government-sponsored entrepreneurship education program aimed at university students in Sweden. While a pre-study indicates that longer university courses are associated with short-term outcomes such as increased self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions, results from a more comprehensive study using a pre-post design suggest little effect from these extensive courses on long-term outcomes such as new venture creation and entrepreneurial income. In contrast, we do find positive effects on these long-term outcomes from more limited but more specific training interventions, especially for women. Our study suggests that less extensive but more tailored interventions can be more beneficial than longer or more extensive interventions in promoting entrepreneurship in general, and entrepreneurship of underrepresented groups in particular. We discuss implications for theory, education, and policy.
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| 998. |
- Kan, Siyi, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of intact forest landscape loss goes beyond global agricultural supply chains
- 2023
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Ingår i: One Earth. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-3322 .- 2590-3330. ; 6:1, s. 55-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The continued loss of unfragmented intact forest landscapes (IFLs) despite numerous global conservation initiatives indicates the need for improved knowledge of proximate and underlying drivers. Yet the role of non-agricultural activities in forest degradation and fragmentation has not received adequate attention. We focus on IFL loss caused by various economic activities and investigate the influence of global consumption and trade via the multi-regional input-output model. For IFL loss associated with the 2014 world economy, over 60% was related to final consumption of non-agricultural products. More than one-third of IFL loss was linked to export, primarily from Russia, Canada, and tropical regions to mainland China, the EU, and the United States. Of IFL loss associated with export, 51% and 26% was directly caused by logging and mining or energy extraction, respectively. The dispersed nature of IFL loss drivers and their indirect links to individual final consumers call for stronger government engagement and supply chain interventions.
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| 999. |
- Rosado, Leonardo, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Industrial Symbiosis with Sustainable Supply Chain Management for Development of Urban Communities
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Engineering Management Review. - 1937-4178 .- 0360-8581. ; 47:2, s. 103-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing urban population is putting pressure on the supply of natural resources leading to global environmental impacts and calling for new ways to manage urban development. Circular economy strategies can provide the means to both increase resource productivity and generate new business opportunities. Industrial symbiosis is one such strategy. We explore an industrial symbiosis application in this article. While most previous industrial symbiosis applications has been limited to eco-industrial parks, here we propose an adaptation of the industrial symbiosis and sustainable supply chain management concepts to urban areas in general. It is a way to develop economic clusters incorporating symbiotic links between multiple products supply chains. A proposed iterative facilitated industrial symbiosis method identifies an economic cluster focus, stakeholders, opportunities for resource exchange and sharing of infrastructure, as well as other important elements. The method provides systematic guidance for practitioners seeking ways to grow local industry and economy, increase resource productivity, reduce wastes, and better utilize local resources. Benefits of industrial symbiosis and barriers to its implementation are also identified in the method. The method comprises 5 phases, each illustrated on an example drawn from our application of the method in an urban development in Gothenburg, a city in Sweden.
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| 1000. |
- Annafari, Tsani, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Who needs more subscriptions? An empirical analysis of the Thailand mobile phone market
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Bienial Conference of the International Telecommunication Society, 27-30 June 2010, Tokyo Japan.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multiple mobile phone subscriptions are a characteristic of mobile phone penetration rates in Thailand. This offers an opportunity to identify the consumers’ niche that would be interested in this consumption style. The present study aims to identify the profile of subscribers who intend to have multiple mobile phone subscriptions, for the purposes of consumer segmentation and policy targeting. Using multinomial logistic regression of data from the Thailand National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) survey 2009, the study finds that subscribers who already have multiple subscriptions tend to add more subscriptions compared to those who have only one subscription. This indicates that multiple subscriptions are probably not a temporary behavior since those who have multiple subscriptions tend to keep their status as multiple subscribers. It suggests that the mobile phone operators and the regulator should carefully consider the emergence of quasi-subscribers as the result of multiple subscriptions when evaluating market shares and determining Significant Market Power (SMP). Furthermore, other identified characteristics of the subscribers who intend to add more subscriptions are useful as a basis for consumer segmentation and policy targeting.
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