| 37601. |
- Johansson, Ingvar
(författare)
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The ontology of temperature
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ursus Philosophicus.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is argued that temperature is a mind-independent emergent quality that supervenes on the kinetic energy of molecules and vibrating atoms. That is, temperature cannot be reduced to sensations of temperature, to a social-conceptual construction, or to kinetic energy.
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| 37602. |
- Johansson, Ingvar
(författare)
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The SI and the problem of spatiotemporal constancy
- 2019
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Ingår i: The reform of the international system of units (SI). - Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: History and philosophy of technoscience ; 15 : Routledge. - 9781138483859 - 9781351048989 ; , s. 180-206
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International System of Units (the SI) tries to find or construct something that does not change with time and place, since such constancy is the best possible ground for definitions of fundamental measurement units. This problem of constancy has received scant attention within the philosophy of science, but is the topic of this chapter. It starts by highlighting two inevitable kinds of circularities, one semantic the other epistemic. Then it briefly mentions dependencies between base unit definitions, and at length discusses when a base unit is partly defined by a so-called derived unit. If the logical structure of the unit definitions in the New SI should be made transparent, then the distinction between base and derived units has to be completely deleted and replaced by statements about dependence relations. When the logical structure of the New SI’s kilogram definition is clearly seen, serious doubts are cast upon the metrological adequacy of that definition.
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| 37603. |
- Johansson, Ingvar
(författare)
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Triple disjunctivism, naive realism, and anti-representationalism
- 2014
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Ingår i: Metaphysica. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1437-2053 .- 1874-6373. ; 15:2, s. 239-265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary defenders of non-disjunctivism take a representationalist philosophy of mind for granted; all kinds of conscious intentional states/acts/events are automatically regarded as being representations. The paper presents an alternative anti-representationalist view of the mind. It differs from other present-day anti-representationalisms in arguing that all conscious phenomena contains a this-worldly something called "from-pole", and it denies that an intentional content and the corresponding intentional object always are distinct entities. The view is set in contrast to both a transcendental ego tradition and a no from-pole tradition. Hereby, the paper defends the common sense-like view that we are persons who directly perceive, act in, and talk about things in a common world.
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| 37604. |
- Johansson, Ingvar
(författare)
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Truthmaking : A Cognition-Independent Internal Relation with Heterogeneous Relata
- 2004
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Ingår i: Erfahrung und Analyse : Akten des 27. Internationalen Wittgenstein-Symposiums, 8. bis 14. August 2004, Kirchberg am Wechsel (Österreich) = Experience and Analysis: Papers of the 27th International Wittgenstein Symposium. - Wien : The Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society. ; , s. 154-156
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37605. |
- Johansson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Validation and calibration of food-frequency questionnaire measurements in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease cohort.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 5:3, s. 487-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the reproducibility of, and to compare and calibrate, diet measures by the Northern Sweden 84-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with measures from 24-hour diet recalls (24-HDR). DESIGN: Randomly selected respondents from the EPIC (diet-cancer) and MONICA (diet-cardiovascular disease) study cohort in Northern Sweden were invited to answer the FFQ twice over a one-year interval (FFQ1 and FFQ2), and to complete ten 24-hour recalls (reference method) in the months between. Plasma beta-carotene concentrations were determined from a subset of 47 participants. SETTING: Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Northern Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six men and 99 women, who completed the study. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the FFQ was high in terms of both mean energy and nutrient intakes and relative ranking of participants by intake levels (median Pearson correlation of 0.68). Moderately higher food intake frequencies were recorded by FFQ1 compared with 24-hour recalls for dairy products, bread/cereals, vegetables, fruits and potato/rice/pasta, whereas meat, fish, sweet snacks and alcoholic beverage intakes were lower. The median Spearman coefficient of correlation between FFQ1 and the average of ten 24-HDR measurements was 0.50. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were similar for FFQ1 and 24-HDR measurements, except for fibre, vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol (FFQ1>24-HDR) and sucrose and cholesterol Pearson coefficients of correlation between FFQ1 and 24-HDR corrected for attenuation due to residual day-to-day variation in the 24-HDR measurements ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 (median 0.54). Adjustment for energy had only very moderate effects on the correlation estimates. Calibration coefficients estimated by linear regression of the 24-HDR on the FFQ1 measurements varied between 0.30 and 0.59 for all nutrients except alcohol, which had calibration coefficients close to 1.0. These low calibration coefficients indicate that relative risk estimates corresponding to an absolute difference in dietary intake levels measured by the FFQ will generally be biased towards 1.0. Plasma beta-carotene levels had a Pearson coefficient of correlation of 0.47 with the 24-HDR measurements, and of 0.23 with FFQ1 measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The Northern Sweden FFQ measurements have good reproducibility and an estimated level of validity similar to that of FFQ measurements in other prospective cohort studies. The results from this study will form the basis for the correction of attenuation and regression dilution biases in relative risk estimates, in future studies relating FFQ measurements to disease outcomes.
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| 37606. |
- Johansson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of food frequency questionnaire estimated intakes of folate and other B vitamins in a region without folic acid fortification.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 64:8, s. 905-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives: B vitamins have been implicated in major chronic diseases but results have been inconsistent. This study evaluated the accuracy of dietary intakes of folate, vitamin B12, riboflavin and vitamin B6 as measured by the Northern Sweden Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) against repeated 24-h recalls (24HR) and plasma levels, taking into consideration the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. Subjects/Methods: B vitamin intakes assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ designed to measure the intake over the previous year were compared with those from 10 24HR, as well as to plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12, in randomly selected men (n=96) and women (n=99) aged 30–60 years. FFQ-based B-vitamin intakes were also compared with plasma levels of B-vitamins and with MTHFR 677C4T genotype in 878 men, aged 40–61 years. Results: Intakes of vitamins B12 and riboflavin were similar, whereas folate and B6 intakes were 16–27% higher, as estimated by FFQ versus 24HR. Spearman correlation coefficients between the two methods ranged from 0.31 to 0.63 (all P0.002), and were lowest for vitamin B12. Intakes estimated by FFQ were correlated with plasma levels, but coefficients were lower (range: 0.13–0.33), particularly for vitamin B12 in men (0.15–0.18). Folate intake was not correlated with plasma levels in subjects with the MTHFR 677 T/T genotype. Conclusions: The validity of the Northern Sweden FFQ for assessing B vitamin intake is similar to that of many other FFQs used in large-scale studies. The FFQ is suitable for ranking individuals by intake of folate, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and to a lesser extent vitamin B12.
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| 37607. |
- Johansson, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration of Leukocyte Count Correlates With Increased Pulmonary Vascular Permeability and Decreased PaO2:FiO(2) Ratio Early After Major Burns
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Burn Care & Research. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1559-047X .- 1559-0488. ; 36:4, s. 484-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leukocytes are activated systemically and their numbers increase soon after a burn followed by a rapid decline to low normal or subnormal levels, possibly by increased extravasation. Experimental data support that an important target for such extravasation is the lungs and that leukocytes when they adhere to endothelial cells cause an increase in vascular permeability. The authors investigated a possible relation between early increased pulmonary vascular permeability or a decreased PaO2:FiO(2) ratio and the dynamic change in concentration of blood leukocytes after a burn. This is a prospective, exploratory, single-center study. The authors measured the dynamic changes of leukocytes in blood starting early after the burn, pulmonary vascular permeability index by thermodilution, and PaO2:FiO(2)-ratios in 20 patients during the first 21 days after a major burn (greater than20% TBSA%). Median TBSA was 40% interquartile range (IQR, 25-52) and full thickness burn 28% (IQR, 2-39). There was a correlation between the early (less than24 hours) alteration in white blood cell count and both early increased pulmonary vascular permeability (r = .63, P = .004) and the decreased oxygenation index defined as PaO2:FiO(2) less than 27 kPa (P = .004). The authors have documented a correlation between dynamic change of blood leukocytes and pulmonary failure early after burns.
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| 37608. |
- Johansson, Jarkko, et al.
(författare)
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Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in rat : Whole-brain spatiotemporal analysis with [11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : Sage Publications. - 0271-678X .- 1559-7016. ; 44:3, s. 434-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whole-brain mapping of drug effects are needed to understand the neural underpinnings of drug-related behaviors. Amphetamine administration is associated with robust increases in striatal dopamine (DA) release. Dopaminergic terminals are, however, present across several associative brain regions, which may contribute to behavioral effects of amphetamine. Yet the assessment of DA release has been restricted to a few brain regions of interest. The present work employed positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride to investigate regional and temporal characteristics of amphetamine-induced DA release across twenty sessions in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. Amphetamine was injected intravenously (2 mg/kg) to cause displacement of [11C]raclopride binding from DA D2-like receptors, assessed using temporally sensitive pharmacokinetic PET model (lp-ntPET). We show amphetamine-induced [11C]raclopride displacement in the basal ganglia, and no changes following saline injections. Peak occupancy was highest in nucleus accumbens, followed by caudate-putamen and globus pallidus. Importantly, significant amphetamine-induced displacement was also observed in several extrastriatal regions, and specifically in thalamus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and secondary somatosensory area. For these, peak occupancy occurred later and was lower as compared to the striatum. Collectively, these findings demonstrate distinct amphetamine-induced DA responses across the brain, and that [11C]raclopride-PET can be employed to detect such spatiotemporal differences.
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| 37609. |
- Johansson, Jörgen
(författare)
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Battling the bureaucracy hydra
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 351:6272, s. 530-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37610. |
- Johansson, Jarkko, et al.
(författare)
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Biphasic patterns of age-related differences in dopamine D1 receptors across the adult lifespan
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - 2211-1247. ; 42:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-related alterations in D1-like dopamine receptor (D1DR) have distinct implications for human cognition and behavior during development and aging, but the timing of these periods remains undefined. Enabled by a large sample of in vivo assessments (n = 180, age 20 to 80 years of age, 50% female), we discover that age-related D1DR differences pivot at approximately 40 years of age in several brain regions. Focusing on the most age-sensitive dopamine-rich region, we observe opposing pre- and post-forties interrelations among caudate D1DR, cortico-striatal functional connectivity, and memory. Finally, particularly caudate D1DR differences in midlife and beyond, but not in early adulthood, associate with manifestation of white matter lesions. The present results support a model by which excessive dopamine modulation in early adulthood and insufficient modulation in aging are deleterious to brain function and cognition, thus challenging a prevailing view of monotonic D1DR function across the adult lifespan.
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