| 101. |
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| 102. |
- Johansson, Sanne, et al.
(author)
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Why do we often get biological growth on thin rendering on thermal insulation constructions?
- 2008
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In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Contries. - 9788778772657 ; 2, s. 919-926
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- If one takes a closer look at almost any building facade one will find biological growth. Although this can be seen as an integral part of an antique building, for modern buildings it is in most cases seen as an aesthetical problem. All building facades will most likely be discolored by biological growth by time, but in Sweden we have had many cases of newly built rendered facades that have been discolored much more rapidly than usual. The problem is believed to occur mainly on thin rendering applied on thermal insulation -which is a common building facade construction in Sweden -but apart from this, it is difficult to find clear indications of which facades that will be affected. As it is well known that different biological organisms has different requirements in physical factors (especially temperature and relative humidity) for germination and growth on any substrate, it is important to define which conditions the organisms needs to grow on a building fasade. We have studied the temperature and relative humidity conditions on the surfaces of different rendered facade constructions. We find that the surface temperature on a facade of thin rendering on thermal insulation drops quickly during nights, as these constructions have low heat capacity in the rendering layer. This leads to high relative humidity and even condensation, during clear nights. Other abiotic factors that seem also to influence the risk for growth are surface color and rendering structure. From the temperature and relative humidity measurements in this study, we aim at giving insight of the surface climate on a building façade in order to fully understand the rendered façade as a biological habitat.
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| 103. |
- Johansson, Å. A., et al.
(author)
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Intrinsic, n- and p-doped a-Si:H thin films grown by DC magnetron sputtering with doped targets
- 1999
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In: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. - 0272-9172 .- 1946-4274. ; 557, s. 31-36
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Intrinsic, n- and p-type a-Si:H films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering and analyzed with several techniques. The films were synthesized in a reactive Ar-Ha atmosphere giving H contents in the range of 3-20 at %. The films were sputtered from pure silicon targets and doped silicon targets with 1 at % B or P. Doping by co-sputtering from composite Si/B4C targets was also explored. The doping concentrations were 3 × 1020 - 2 × 1021 cm-3 for the p-type films and 2.6-2.9 × 1019cm-3 for the n-type films. The conductivity was in the range lO'MO"4 cm-1 for p-doped films and 10-5 Cl cm-1 for the best n-doped films. Band gap estimations were obtained from dielectric function data and showed an increase with hydrogen content. A comparison to device quality PECVD-samples was also made.
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| 104. |
- Kalland, Kristine, et al.
(author)
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Similar outcome of femoral neck fractures treated with Pinloc or Hansson Pins: 1-year data from a multicenter randomized clinical study on 439 patients
- 2019
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 90:6, s. 542-546
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose - There are few reports on the efficiency of the Hansson Pinloc System (Pinloc) for fixation of femoral neck fractures. We compare Pinloc with the commonly used Hansson Pin System in a randomized clinical trial. The primary outcome measure is non-union or avascular necrosis within 2 years. We now report fracture failures and reoperations within the first year. Patients and methods - Between May 2014 and February 2017, 439 patients were included in the study. They were above 50 years of age and treated for a femoral neck fracture at 9 orthopedic departments in Sweden. They were randomized to either Pinloc or Hansson pins. The fractures were grouped as (a) non-displaced regardless of age, (b) displaced in patients < 70 years, or (c) >= 70 years old, but deemed unfit to undergo arthroplasty. Follow-up with radiographs and outpatient visits were at 3 and 12 months. Failure was defined as early displacement/non-union, symptomatic segmental collapse, or deep infection. Results - 1-year mortality was 11%. Of the 325 undisplaced fractures, 12% (21/169) Pinloc and 13% (20/156) Hansson pin patients had a failure during the first year. The reoperation frequencies were 10% (16/169) and 8% (13/156) respectively. For the 75 patients 50-69 years old with displaced fractures, 11/39 failures occurred in the Pinloc group and 11/36 in the Hansson group, and 8/39 versus 9/36 patients were reoperated. Among those 39 patients >= 70 years old, 7/21 failures occurred in the Pinloc group and 4/18 in the Hansson group. Reoperation frequencies were 4/21 for Pinloc and 3/18 for the Hansson pin patients. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the outcomes between the Pinloc and Hansson groups. Interpretation - We found no advantages with Pinloc regarding failure or reoperation frequencies in this 1-year follow-up.
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| 105. |
- Klingspor, L., et al.
(author)
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Epidemiology of fungaemia in Sweden: A nationwide retrospective observational survey
- 2018
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In: Mycoses. - : Wiley. - 0933-7407 .- 1439-0507. ; 61:10, s. 777-785
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ObjectivesTo identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates to identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates in Sweden. MethodsThe study was a retrospective, observational nationwide laboratory-based surveillance for fungaemia and fungal meningitis and was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. ResultsIn total, 488 Candida blood culture isolates were obtained from 471 patients (58% males). Compared to our previous study, the incidence of candidaemia has increased from 4.2/100000 (2005-2006) to 4.7/100000 population/year (2015-2016). The three most common Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures were Candida albicans (54.7%), Candida glabrata (19.7%) and species in the Candida parapsilosis complex (9.4%). Candida resistance to fluconazole was 2% in C.albicans and between 0% and 100%, in non-albicans species other than C.glabrata and C.krusei. Resistance to voriconazole was rare, except for C.glabrata, C.krusei and C.tropicalis. Resistance to anidulafungin was 3.8% while no Candida isolate was resistant to amphotericin B. ConclusionsWe report an overall increase in candidaemia but a minor decrease of C.albicans while C.glabrata and C.parapsilosis remain constant over this 10-year period.
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| 106. |
- Lindmark, H, et al.
(author)
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Enteric bacteria counteract lipopolysaccharide induction of antimicrobial peptide genes.
- 2001
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In: J Immunol. - 0022-1767. ; 167, s. 6920-6923
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The humoral immunity of Drosophila involves the production of antimicrobial peptides, which are induced by evolutionary conserved microbial molecules, like LPS. By using Drosophila mbn-2 cells, we found that live bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevented LPS from inducing antimicrobial peptide genes, while Micrococcus luteus and Streptococcus equi did not. The inhibitory effect was seen at bacterial levels from 20 per mbn-2 cell, while antimicrobial peptides were induced at lower bacterial concentrations (< or =2 bacteria per cell) also in the absence of added LPS. Gel shift experiment suggests that the inhibitory effect is upstream or at the level of the activation of the transcription factor Relish, a member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family. The bacteria have to be in physical contact with the cells, but not phagocytosed, to prevent LPS induction. Interestingly, the inhibiting mechanism is, at least for E. coli, independent of the type III secretion system, indicating that the inhibitory mechanism is unrelated to the one earlier described for YopJ from Yersinia.
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| 107. |
- Lindström, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide analyses characterize shared heritability among cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility regions
- 2023
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In: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 115:6, s. 712-732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The shared inherited genetic contribution to risk of different cancers is not fully known. In this study, we leverage results from 12 cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to quantify pairwise genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility loci.METHODS: We collected GWAS summary statistics for 12 solid cancers based on 376 759 participants with cancer and 532 864 participants without cancer of European ancestry. The included cancer types were breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. We conducted cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies to discover novel cancer susceptibility loci. Finally, we assessed the extent of variant-specific pleiotropy among cancers at known and newly identified cancer susceptibility loci.RESULTS: We observed widespread but modest genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers. In cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies, we identified 15 novel cancer susceptibility loci. Additionally, we identified multiple variants at 77 distinct loci with strong evidence of being associated with at least 2 cancer types by testing for pleiotropy at known cancer susceptibility loci.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that some genetic risk variants are shared among cancers, though much of cancer heritability is cancer-specific and thus tissue-specific. The increase in statistical power associated with larger sample sizes in cross-disease analysis allows for the identification of novel susceptibility regions. Future studies incorporating data on multiple cancer types are likely to identify additional regions associated with the risk of multiple cancer types.
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| 108. |
- Liuba, Petru, et al.
(author)
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Endothelial dysfunction after repeated Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
- 2000
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In: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 102:9, s. 1039-1044
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Arterial relaxation is largely regulated by endothelial nitric oxide (NO). Its diminished activity has been associated with incipient atherosclerosis. We investigated the endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta in apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice exposed to single or repeated Chlamydia pneumoniae inoculation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-eight apoE-KO mice, 8 weeks old, were inoculated intranasally with C pneumoniae (n=24) or saline (n=24) every 2 weeks over a 6-week period. Twenty mice (10 infected and 10 controls) were killed at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, after the first inoculation. The smooth muscle tone of aortic rings was measured in vitro at both time points. The norepinephrine-precontracted thoracic aortic rings were successively exposed to methacholine in the absence and presence of N:(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and diclofenac. The methacholine-induced relaxation was attenuated in the infected mice at 6 weeks in both the absence and presence of L-NAME (P:<0.05 and P:<0.01, respectively). When administered together with L-NAME, diclofenac enhanced the relaxation of the L-NAME-pretreated aortas in infected mice at 2 weeks (P:<0.05) but not in noninfected mice. The relaxation response from infected mice tended to differ in the same manner at 6 weeks (P:<0.1). No intimal thickening was detected at either time point. CONCLUSIONS: C pneumoniae impairs arterial endothelial function, and the NO pathway is principally involved. Cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstricting products may also account for the infection-induced impaired relaxation. These findings further support the role of C pneumoniae infection in atherosclerosis development.
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| 109. |
- Luhrig, Katharina, et al.
(author)
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Bacterial Community Analysis of Drinking Water Biofilms in Southern Sweden
- 2015
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In: Microbes and Environments. - 1342-6311. ; 30:1, s. 99-107
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Next-generation sequencing of the V1-V2 and V3 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene generated a total of 674,116 reads that described six distinct bacterial biofilm communities from both water meters and pipes. A high degree of reproducibility was demonstrated for the experimental and analytical work-flow by analyzing the communities present in parallel water meters, the rare occurrence of biological replicates within a working drinking water distribution system. The communities observed in water meters from households that did not complain about their drinking water were defined by sequences representing Proteobacteria (82-87%), with 22-40% of all sequences being classified as Sphingomonadaceae. However, a water meter biofilm community from a household with consumer reports of red water and flowing water containing elevated levels of iron and manganese had fewer sequences representing Proteobacteria (44%); only 0.6% of all sequences were classified as Sphingomonadaceae; and, in contrast to the other water meter communities, markedly more sequences represented Nitrospira and Pedomicrobium. The biofilm communities in pipes were distinct from those in water meters, and contained sequences that were identified as Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Desulfovibrio, and Sulfuricurvum. The approach employed in the present study resolved the bacterial diversity present in these biofilm communities as well as the differences that occurred in biofilms within a single distribution system, and suggests that next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons can show changes in bacterial biofilm communities associated with different water qualities.
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| 110. |
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