| 331. |
- Niroomand, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of Particles in Exhaled Air Using Mass Spectrometry
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1557-3117. ; 39:4, s. 477-477
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) as a form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction is a limiting factor to the survival of lung transplant recipients. Detection and monitoring of chronic rejection is hampered by a lack of clinically available markers. Particles in exhaled air (PExA) is proposed as a noninvasive means of potentially identifying and observing BOS patients. This pilot study aims to capture the range of exhaled particles expected in human samples and identify possible candidate markers. METHODS: The PExA device collects exhaled air using a two-way valve that allows subjects to inhale filtered air and exhale air into a reservoir from which an optical particle counter counts and sizes entering particles. Particles are collected according to their inertia and those above a threshold impact onto a plate, collecting onto a membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene. Total accumulated mass can be measured by the PExA device. Samples were obtained from two healthy subjects (1 combined 600 ng sample and 200 ng from each) and from five patients with lung pathology (1 grouped sample of 600 ng from three patients and 200 ng samples from two unique patients). The samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer coupled to an easy-nLC1200 liquid chromatography system. RESULTS: The fifty most abundant proteins identified by mass spectrometry represented a breadth of biological function and a variety of localizations. Ten could be traced to immunological system processes and included a number of immunoglobulin constant regions. Sixteen of these most abundant proteins could be found in the extracellular region. A number are components of the plasma, including serotransferrin and annexin proteins. Fifteen proteins were found in greater abundance in the healthy subjects compared to patients while two (haptoglobin and gasdermin-A) were notable for a lower abundance in the patients. CONCLUSION: The PExA device presents as a novel method for non-invasive analysis of lung transplant patients with the potential to monitor developing chronic rejection. This pilot study characterizes the range of proteins identified from samples across subjects and serves as a basis for the exploration of markers in chronic rejection patients. This work establishes a method for the ongoing effort to use PExA to identify and monitor BOS in lung transplant recipients.
|
|
| 332. |
|
|
| 333. |
|
|
| 334. |
- Ocias, Lukas Frans, et al.
(författare)
-
Higher rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in hospital-based healthcare workers compared to elderly care staff in a Swedish low-prevalence region : a cross-sectional study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 53:12, s. 920-929
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous seroprevalence studies have demonstrated higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in healthcare workers (HCWs) than in the background population during the first phase of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. These studies, however, focussed mainly on hospital employees.AIM: To perform a cross-sectional study comparing the seroprevalence of hospital-based HCWs with those employed in elderly care (home care and nursing homes).METHODS: Employees (n = 4955) in the county of Värmland, Sweden, were recruited between weeks 27 and 42 and tested for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Serological results were combined with self-reported questionnaire data.FINDINGS: IgG seroprevalence was 5.7% in the total group of HCWs, and was higher among those employed in hospital-based healthcare than among those working in elderly care (8.4% vs. 3.7%, p < .001). Being employed as an assistant nurse, working in a COVID-19 unit, and being exposed via co-workers or private acquaintances were all associated with IgG seropositivity.CONCLUSION: The difference in seroprevalence between HCWs in the two settings suggests that not only the profession but also factors in the workplace environment may be of importance. As all studied exposures were associated with IgG seropositivity, and asymptomatic infection was detected in 7.5% of participants, preventing outbreaks among HCWs is challenging. Adequate use of personal protective equipment when working with patients regardless of COVID-19 status, source control in situations with co-workers in which distancing is not possible, and routines enabling symptomatic staff to isolate pending PCR results are required to prevent healthcare-associated outbreaks of COVID-19.
|
|
| 335. |
- Ohlsson, Östen, 1947, et al.
(författare)
-
Elmarknaden är inte fri
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Göteborgs-Posten.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 336. |
- Oxfall, Mikael
(författare)
-
Climatic conditions inside nuclear reactor containments - Monitoring campaign
- 2013
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The reactor containment is one of the most important buildings at a nuclear power plant. In case of an accident the containment wall is the final protection against radioactive leakage to the surrounding environment. A reactor containment contains different types of concrete structures. They can be grouped as external structures constituting a barrier between the inside of the containment and the outside environment, and internal structures e.g. to sectionalize the internal space of the containment and the biological shield. Concrete structures in reactor containments are e.g. used as load bearing structures, protection of the steel liner from e.g. corrosion and to adsorb radioactive nuclides. During operation the climatic conditions inside the reactor containment can be harsh, with temperatures over 50 °C and low relative humidities (RH). Knowledge about the condition in the containment and in the concrete structures is thereby important in order to evaluate the condition of the reactor containment and possible changes over time. The objective of this dissertation is to present a measurement setup suitable for long term measurements in concrete and investigate how the climatic conditions inside the reactor containments affect the concrete structures and vice versa. The project is divided into three parts in which the first part contains a material study of concrete from one nuclear reactor containment. The results from the material study showed that no clear variation of moisture transport properties over the depth of a structure could bee observed. The findings will be of great value in the continuation of the PhD project which will follow this Licentiate project, in which a model to predict future and past moisture conditions in the concrete will be developed. In the second part an accuracy evaluation of a measurement setup is presented. The setup was used to measure the RH and temperature onsite. In the accuracy evaluation the effects of both leakage through the setup and temperature were evaluated. The results showed that measured RH was influenced by the temperature changes as expected. Furthermore, the results indicated leakage through the setup. The leakage may have influenced the measurements of the devices placed closed to the surface of the structure. However, it is concluded that the setup is suitable for long term measurements. An supplementary accuracy evaluation will be presented in the upcoming doctoral thesis. The third part presents result from three monitoring campaigns conducted at different nuclear reactor containments in Sweden. The monitoring campaigns were conducted during one operational year. The campaigns included measurements in different zones of ambient RH and temperature and measurements, on different depth, inside the concrete. The results showed that measurements on shallow depth were critical but if properly installed there were no indication of leakage. In all zones a clear moisture profile was observed which indicates that the concrete within the reactor containment are still drying after about 30 years of exposure to high temperatures and low RH.
|
|
| 337. |
- Pakere, I., et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of Suitable Business Models for the 5thGeneration District Heating System Implementation through Game Theory Approach
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Environmental and Climate Technologies. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2255-8837. ; 27:1, s. 1-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- District Heating and Cooling (DHC) technology is widely recognised as a promising solution for reducing primary energy consumption and emissions. The 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) network is the latest DHC concept characterised by low-temperature supply, bi-directional heating network operation, decentralised energy flows, and surplus heat sharing. Unlike the 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH) technology, the 5GDHC technology switched to a consumer/prosumer-oriented perspective. The introduction of 5GDHC solutions requires high investments, an important barrier to further developing DHC systems. Therefore, a novel pricing and business model could include introducing co-owners or energy managers into the system. Three different local market business models for 5GDHC at the community level have been tested. The reverse technical and economic simulation has been used for a feasibility study to determine the resources, business models, and combinations closest to the break-even point with lower costs and higher gains for all involved stakeholders. © 2023 Ieva Pakere et al., published by Sciendo.
|
|
| 338. |
|
|
| 339. |
|
|
| 340. |
- Perchiazzi, Gaetano, et al.
(författare)
-
The use of positive end expiratory pressure in patients affected by COVID-19 : Time to reconsider the relation between morphology and physiology
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Best Practice & Research. - : ELSEVIER. - 1521-6896 .- 1532-169X. ; 34:3, s. 561-567
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease with different phases that can be catastrophic for subpopulations of patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary disease states at baseline. Appreciation for these different phases and treatment modalities, including manipulation of ventilatory settings and therapeutics, has made it a less lethal disease than when it emerged earlier this year. Different aspects of the disease are still largely unknown. However, laboratory investigation and clinical course of the COVID-19 show that this new disease is not a typical acute respiratory distress syndrome process, especially during the first phase. For this reason, the best strategy to be applied is to treat differently the single phases and to support the single functions of the failing organs as they appear.
|
|
