| 41471. |
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| 41472. |
- Klechikov, Alexey G., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen storage in bulk graphene-related materials
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 210, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen sorption properties of graphene-related materials were studied by gravimetric and volumetric methods at 2931< and 77K. Rapid thermal exfoliation of different types of graphite oxide (GO) precursors yielded samples with maximal surface areas up to 850 m(2)/g, whereas surface areas up to 2300 m(2)/g were achieved by post-exfoliation activation treatments. Therefore, hydrogen storage parameters of graphene materials could be evaluated in a broad range of surface areas. The H-2 uptake vs surface area trend revealed in this study shows that hydrogen storage by graphene materials do not exceed 1 Wt% at 120 Bar H-2 at ambient temperatures. Linear increase of hydrogen adsorption vs surface area was observed at 77 K with maximal observed value of similar to 5 Wt% for 2300 m(2)/g sample. It can be concluded that bulk graphene samples obtained using graphite oxide exfoliation and activation follow standard for other nanostructured carbons hydrogen uptake trends and do not demonstrate superior hydrogen storage parameters reported in several earlier studies. Nevertheless, graphene remains to be one of the best materials for physisorption of hydrogen, especially at low temperatures.
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| 41473. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles : Hydrogen sorption and related artefacts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 250, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydrogen sorption by reduced graphene oxides (r-GO) is not found to increase after decoration with Pd and Pt nanoparticles. Treatments of metal decorated samples using annealing under hydrogen or air were tested as a method to create additional pores by effects of r-GO etching around nanoparticles. Increase of Specific Surface Area (SSA) was observed for some air annealed r-GO samples. However, the same treatments applied to activated r-GO samples with microporous nature and higher surface area result in breakup of structure and dramatic decrease of SSA. Our experiments have not revealed effects which could be attributed to spillover in hydrogen sorption on Pd or Pt decorated graphene. However, we report irreversible chemisorption of hydrogen for some samples which can be mistakenly assigned to spillover if the experiments are incomplete.
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| 41474. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Graphite oxide swelling in molten sugar alcohols and their aqueous solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 140, s. 157-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite oxides (GO) are intercalated rapidly by one to several layers of solvent when immersed in liquid but the GO solvates are typically unstable on air due to solvent evaporation. Here we study swelling of GO in solvents (sugar alcohols) with melting temperature point above ambient. Using in situ synchrotron radiation XRD experiments we demonstrated GO swelling in molten xylitol and sorbitol. The expanded GO structure intercalated with one layer of xylitol or sorbitol is preserved upon solidification of melt and cooling back to ambient conditions. The structure of solid solvates of GO with xylitol and sorbitol is based on non-covalent interaction and pristine GO can be recovered by washing in water. Intercalation of xylitol and sorbitol into GO structure in aqueous solutions yields similar but less ordered structure of GO/sugar alcohol solid solvates. Very similar inter-layer distance was observed for GO intercalated by sugar alcohols in melt and for GO immersed in sugar solutions. This result shows that sugar alcohols penetrate into GO inter-layer space without hydration shell forming 2D layers with orientation parallel to graphene oxide sheets. Therefore, hydration diameter of molecules should not be considered as decisive factor for permeation through graphene oxide inter-layers in multilayered membranes.
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| 41475. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, 1989-
(författare)
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Graphite oxides for preparation of graphene related materials : structure, chemical modification and hydrogen storage properties
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Carbon materials have been studied for hydrogen storage for decades, but they showed too low capacity at ambient temperature compared to target values for practical applications. This thesis includes two parts. First one is fundamental study of graphite oxides (GO) structure and properties. Second part is focused on hydrogen storage properties of graphene related materials prepared using GO as a precursor.We studied the effects of synthesis methods and oxidation degree on solvation/intercalation properties of GOs. New effect of temperature induced reversible delamination was observed for Hummers GO (HGO) immersed in liquid acetonitrile. Experiments with swelling of Brodie GO (BGO) in 1-octanol revealed parallel orientation of the intercalated solvent molecules relative to graphene oxide (GnO) layers. Chemical functionalization of GO in swelled state allowed us to synthesize the materials with subnanometer slit pores supported by molecular pillars. Structure and properties of pillared GO were characterized by variety of methods. Swelling properties of multilayered GnO membranes were compared to properties of precursor GO. GnO membranes were found to swell similarly to GO powders in some solvents and rather differently in other. Our experiments revealed important limitations in application of GO membranes for nanofiltration. Several parameters were found to affect the size of permeation “channels” provided by interlayers of GnO membrane structure: e.g. nature of solvent, pH of solutions and concentration of solutes.Hydrogen storage parameters were studied for a set of graphene related materials with broad range of surface areas (SSA) (200 - 3300 m2/g). Hydrogen sorption weight percent (wt%) is found to correlate with SSA for all studied graphene materials following the trend standard for other nanostructured carbon materials. The highest hydrogen uptakes of ~1.2 wt% at 296 K and ~7.5 wt% at 77 K were measured for graphene material with SSA of over 3000 m2/g. Addition of Pd and Pt nanoparticles to graphene materials did not resulted in improvement of hydrogen storage compared to nanoparticles-free samples. No deviation from the standard wt% vs. SSA trends was also observed for pillared GO materials. Therefore, hydrogen storage properties of graphene related materials at room temperatures are not confirmed to be exceptional. However, high surface area graphene materials are found to be among the best materials for physisorption of hydrogen at liquid nitrogen temperature. Moreover, hydrogen storage capacity of 4 wt%, comparable to target values, was observed at temperature of solid CO2 (193 K) which can be maintained using common refrigeration methods.
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| 41476. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen storage in high surface area graphene scaffolds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 51:83, s. 15280-15283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using an optimized KOH activation procedure we prepared highly porous graphene scaffold materials with SSA values up to 3400 m2 g−1 and a pore volume up to 2.2 cm3 g−1, which are among the highest for carbon materials. Hydrogen uptake of activated graphene samples was evaluated in a broad temperature interval (77–296 K). After additional activation by hydrogen annealing the maximal excess H2 uptake of 7.5 wt% was obtained at 77 K. A hydrogen storage value as high as 4 wt% was observed already at 193 K (120 bar H2), a temperature of solid CO2, which can be easily maintained using common industrial refrigeration methods.
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| 41477. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Multilayered intercalation of 1-octanol into Brodie graphite oxide
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 9:20, s. 6929-6936
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multilayered intercalation of 1-octanol into the structure of Brodie graphite oxide (B-GO) was studied as a function of temperature and pressure. Reversible phase transition with the addition/removal of one layer of 1-octanol was found at 265 K by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The same transition was observed at ambient temperature upon a pressure increase above 0.6 GPa. This transition was interpreted as an incongruent melting of the low temperature/high pressure B-GO intercalated structure with five layers of 1-octanol parallel to GO sheets (L-solvate), resulting in the formation of a four-layered structure that is stable under ambient conditions (A-solvate). Vacuum heating allows the removal of 1-octanol from the A-solvate layer by layer, while distinct sets of (00 l) reflections are observed for three-, two-, and one-layered solvate phases. Step by step removal of the 1-octanol layers results in changes of distance between graphene oxide planes by similar to 4.5 angstrom. This experiment proved that both L- and A-solvates are structures with layers of 1-octanol parallel to GO planes. Unusual intercalation with up to five distinct layers of 1-octanol is remarkably different from the behaviour of small alcohol molecules (methanol and ethanol), which intercalate B-GO structure with only one layer under ambient conditions and a maximum of two layers at lower temperatures or higher pressures. The data presented in this study make it possible to rule out a change in the orientation of alcohol molecules from parallel to perpendicular to the GO planes, as suggested in the 1960s to explain larger expansion of the GO lattice due to swelling with larger alcohols.
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| 41478. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of graphene oxide membranes in solvents and solutions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 7:37, s. 15374-15384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The change of distance between individual graphene oxide sheets due to swelling is the key parameter to explain and predict permeation of multilayered graphene oxide (GO) membranes by various solvents and solutions. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study shows that swelling properties of GO membranes are distinctly different compared to precursor graphite oxide powder samples. Intercalation of liquid dioxolane, acetonitrile, acetone, and chloroform into the GO membrane structure occurs with maximum one monolayer insertion (Type I), in contrast with insertion of 2-3 layers of these solvents into the graphite oxide structure. However, the structure of GO membranes expands in liquid DMSO and DMF solvents similarly to precursor graphite oxide (Type II). It can be expected that Type II solvents will permeate GO membranes significantly faster compared to Type I solvents. The membranes are found to be stable in aqueous solutions of acidic and neutral salts, but dissolve slowly in some basic solutions of certain concentrations, e.g. in NaOH, NaHCO3 and LiF. Some larger organic molecules, alkylamines and alkylammonium cations are found to intercalate and expand the lattice of GO membranes significantly, e.g. up to similar to 35 angstrom in octadecylamine/methanol solution. Intercalation of solutes into the GO structure is one of the limiting factors for nano-filtration of certain molecules but it also allows modification of the inter-layer distance of GO membranes and tuning of their permeation properties. For example, GO membranes functionalized with alkylammonium cations are hydrophobized and they swell in non-polar solvents.
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| 41479. |
- Klechikov, Alexey, et al.
(författare)
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Swelling of Thin Graphene Oxide Films Studied by in Situ Neutron Reflectivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:24, s. 13106-13116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permeation of multilayered graphene oxide (GO) membranes by polar solvents is known to correlate with their swelling properties and amount of sorbed solvent. However, quantitative estimation of sorption using standard (e.g., gravimetric) methods is technically challenging for few nanometers thick GO membranes/films exposed to solvent vapors. Neutron reflectivity (NR) was used here to evaluate the amount of solvents intercalated into the film which consists of only ∼31.5 layers of GO. Analysis of NR data recorded from the GO film exposed to vapors of polar solvents provides information about change of film thickness due to swelling, amount of intercalated solvent, and selectivity in sorption of solvents from binary mixtures. A quantitative study of GO film sorption was performed for D2O, d-methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), and acetone. Using isotopic contrast, we estimated selectivity in sorption of ethanol/d-methanol mixtures by the GO film. Estimation of sorption selectivity was also performed for D2O/DMF, D2O/DMSO, and D2O/acetonitrile binary mixtures. Sorption of polar solvents was compared for the thin GO film, micrometer thick free standing GO membranes, and graphite oxide powders.
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| 41480. |
- Kleczkowski, Leszek A, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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A common structural blueprint for plant UDP-sugar-producing pyrophosphorylases.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - Colchester : Portland Press. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 439:3, s. 375-379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant pyrophosphorylases that are capable of producing UDP-sugars, key precursors for glycosylation reactions, include UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylases (A- and B-type), UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase. Although not sharing significant homology at the amino acid sequence level, the proteins share a common structural blueprint. Their structures are characterized by the presence of the Rossmann fold in the central (catalytic) domain linked to enzyme-specific N-terminal and C-terminal domains, which may play regulatory functions. Molecular mobility between these domains plays an important role in substrate binding and catalysis. Evolutionary relationships and the role of (de)oligomerization as a regulatory mechanism are discussed.
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