| 1. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Management of violent behaviour in the correctional system using qualified risk assessments.
- 2004
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In: Legal and Criminological Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1355-3259 .- 2044-8333. ; 9:1, s. 11-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose. This study focused on whether institutional violence in a maximum-security correctional institution could be prevented using comprehensive risk assessments followed by adequate risk management. And, could this be shown by a decrease in risk factors for violence according to the HCR-20 Risk Assessment Scheme in the study group? Methods. Offenders with a history of violent criminality were subject to real-life assessments using the HCR-20 Risk Assessment Scheme. The assessments were followed by discussions with members of staff, in which risk management strategies were designed. Thus, the members of staff were fully aware of every inmate's personality characteristics (e.g. psychiatric diagnoses), what risk factors for violence they displayed, and how best to manage those risk factors. With the aim of evaluating the possible effects of our interventions, approximately one third of the study group was reassessed after a mean of 12 months. Results. The follow-up showed no significant decrease in important risk factors for violence in the study group. However, the number of violent incidents showed a remarkable decrease during the study period. Conclusions. Not being able to reduce important risk factors for violence does not necessarily mean that one cannot decrease the risk for, or the incidence of, violence. This study indicates that proper and adequate risk management, using the best protective factors available, can reduce violence even though important risk factors cannot be decreased. The study also supports the theoretical assumption that changes in risk factors are more possible in some populations (e.g. general psychiatric) than in others (e.g. correctional) depending on the nature of the study group and the risk factors that are at hand (e.g. dynamic vs. static). This seems to be important to bear in mind when performing evaluation research using risk assessment instruments.
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| 2. |
- Belfrage, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Prediction of violence using the HCR-20 : a prospective study in two maximum-security correctional institutions
- 2000
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In: Journal of forensic psychiatry (Print). - : Routledge. - 0958-5184 .- 1469-9478. ; 11:1, s. 167-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The HCR-20 and the PCL:SV were used in a prospective study of 41 long-term sentenced offenders in two correctional, maximum-security institutions. The aim was to test the validity of these instruments in the prediction of institutional violence. All assessments were made by a comprehensive examination of the offenders' files, completed with clinical interviews ranging from 1 to 3 hours. The mean follow-up time was 8 months. Our results show high predictive validity for the HCR-20's clinical and risk management items, but for almost none of its historical items. The results suggest that violence inside correctional institutions can be predicted with a certain degree of validity by using the HCR-20 and the PCL:SV, even within a selective 'high-risk' group of offenders such as that under study here.
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| 3. |
- Deutschmann, Mats, 1964-
(author)
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Apologising in British English
- 2003
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis explores the form, function and sociolinguistic distribution of explicit apologies in the spoken part of the British National Corpus. The sub-corpus used for the study comprises a spoken text mass of about five million words and represents dialogue produced by more than 1700 speakers, acting in a number of different conversational settings. More than 3000 examples of apologising are included in the analysis.Primarily, the form and function of the apologies are examined in relation to the type of offence leading up to the speech act. Aspects such as the sincerity of the apologies and the use of additional remedial strategies other than explicit apologising are also considered. Variations in the distributions of the different types of apologies found are subsequently investigated for the two independent variables speaker social identity (gender, social class and age) and conversational setting (genre, formality and group size). The effect of the speaker-addressee relationship on the apology rate and the types of apologies produced is also examined.In this study, the prototypical apology, a speech act used to remedy a real or perceived offence, is only one of a number of uses of the apology form in the corpus. Other common functions of the form include discourse-managing devices such as request cues for repetition and markers of hesitation, as well as disarming devices uttered before expressing disagreement and controversial opinions.Among the speaker social variables investigated, age and social class are particularly important in affecting apologetic behaviour. Young and middle-class speakers favour the use of the apology form. No substantial gender differences in apologising are apparent in the corpus. I have also been able to show that large conversational groups result in frequent use of the form. Finally, analysis of the effects of the speaker-addressee relationship on the use of the speech act shows that, contrary to expectations based on Brown & Levinson’s theory of politeness, it is the powerful who tend to apologise to the powerless rather than vice versa.The study implies that formulaic politeness is an important linguistic marker of social class and that its use often involves control of the addressee.
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| 4. |
- Göhl-Muigai, Ann-Kristin
(author)
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Talet om ansvar i förskolans styrdokument 1945-1998 : en textanalys
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With the overall aim of "analysing and comparing the language that was used during the period 1945-1998 in pre-school documents with regard to the duty of promoting the development of children into responsible persons and citizens", the thesis studies seven authoritative government texts for pre-schools. The goal documents form an intertextual chain whose first link was published under the auspices of the National Swedish Bord of Health and Welfare, when the number of institutions for the care and education of the youngest children was still very limited. The goal document which make up the latest link in the chain serves as an indication of the altered status of pre-schools caused by their becoming a part of the educational system. - Starting out from curriculum theory the thesis makes a text analysis where the methodology has been inspired by Quentin Skinner's histiorical-pragmatic and intertextual approach and by John Austin's speech act theory. The source texts are contextualised by means of parliamentary reports, government bills, and other contemporary texts. - Since 'ansvar' ('responsibility') is a contingent concept, the context has a decisive importance for the meaning. The analyses of the pre-school goal documents reveal certain differences from the usual lexical definitions of 'ansvar' ('responsibility'), which are 'punishment', 'answer' and duty, and which are used in law, moral philosophy and political science. The authority and adulthood implied by the standard meanings, and the weight, seriousness and negative axiological sense associated with these, are changed when in a "new" context, the pre-school context, the issue is children's development of responsibility. - When the goal documents refer to the youngest members of society as having the ability to take and show responsibility, this indicates not only that the sense, reference and speech act potential of the word have changed, but also that the underlying perception of children has changed. - "New", positively axiological senses of 'ansvar' ('responsibility') appering in several of the pre-school goal documents are that the children are expected to "respond to" other people and "show consideration" and a "democratic responsibility" - an interpretation which has been caused by the advocacy that children should participate and share the responsibility and also have a real influence on the everyday life of pre-schools.
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| 5. |
- Lundell, Patrik, 1969-
(author)
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En grav missuppfattning?
- 2004
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In: Nordicom Information. - Göteborg : NORDICOM. - 0349-5949. ; :4, s. 81-82
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lundell, Patrik, 1969-
(author)
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Pressen i provinsen : Från medborgerliga samtal till modern opinionsbildning 1750–1850
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Att vara kritisk till våra dagars medier är en självklarhet, medan 1800-talets presspionjärer däremot har fått behålla hjältestatusen. I "Pressen i provinsen" tecknas den moderna pressens genombrott dock som en utdragen och långtifrån entydig process. Från att på 1700-talet ha varit arenor där alla hade rätten att delta i det upplysta samtalet, blev tidningarna under början av 1800-talet gradvis opinionsorgan styrda av tämligen enväldiga utgivare. Allt mer professionella tidningsmakare formade och tog makten över mediet - och språket. Begrepp som opinion, press, publicist och redaktör fick då de betydelser vi idag tar för givna. "Pressen i provinsen" bygger på ett omfattande källmaterial och slår ett slag för regional idéhistoria och för studiet av landsortspressen. Denna värld får färg och konturer genom personer som den energiske nyhetskrämaren Didric Gabriel Björn, den fantasiefulle martyren Jacob Philip Tollstorp och den konservative kapitalisten John Swartz. En mängd sedan länge bortglömda stridskrifter och tidningar kastar nytt - och inte alltid så fördelaktigt - ljus även över våra etablerade hjältar i huvudstaden.
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| 8. |
- Strand, Susanne, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Comparison of HCR-20 scores in violent mentally disordered men and women : Gender differences and similarities
- 2001
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In: Psychology, Crime and Law. - : Harwood Academic. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 7:1, s. 71-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Retrospective risk assessments based on the HCR-20 violence risk assessment scheme were performed on 63 female patients and 85 male patients at two special forensic psychiatric hospitals. The aim was to compare risk factors for violence in mentally disordered women with their male counterparts, and to study to what extent the HCR-20, which is mainly based on research on men, can be used in a female forensic psychiatric population. The results show that the HCR-20 displays very similar risk factors for violence in women as in men, but the nature of violence is somewhat different between the sexes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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