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- Fiedler, Heidelore, 1953-
(author)
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Existierende dioxininventare weltweit und neue methodik zur erstellung von vergleichbaren und vollständigen emissionsinventaren [Existing dioxin inventories worldwide and a new methodology for establishing comparable and complete emissions inventories]
- 2001
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In: Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. - : Springer. - 0934-3504 .- 1865-5084. ; 13:2, s. 88-94
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Presently, there are less than 20 inventories to estimate releases of dioxins and furans. According to a recent survey, 12,900 g TEQ of these unwanted byproducts are emitted into the atmosphere by 16 countries. Highest emissions are from the densely populated industrialized countries of the Northern hemisphere - Japan and the United States of America. Whereas the metal producing and recycling industry is the sector with the highest dioxin emissions in Europe, waste incineration is considered to be the major source in many other countries. Measures to reduce dioxin emissions have resulted in strong downward trends, as shown e.g. in Germany and Japan; however, potentials for further reduction have been identified.So far, countries have utilized own methods to calculate their dioxin emissions and the majority has addressed releases to air only. The future Stockholm Convention on POPs will require to continuously reduce dioxin emissions. In order to assist countries in inventory making, UNEP has produced the Toolkit, a methodology to establish comparable dioxin inventories that address releases to air, water and land, with products and in residues.
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- König, I R, et al.
(author)
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Anwendungsorientierte Ausbildung im Teil "Medizinische Biometrie" des Querschnittsfachs Q1 durch Einbettung von Konzepten der Evidenzbasierten Medizin : Ein Erfahrungsbericht nach Umstellung auf die neue Ärztliche Approbationsordnung
- 2004
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In: Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie in Medizin und Biologie. - Germany : Elsevier. - 0943-5581. ; 35:4, s. 220-228
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Often, students do not recognize the use of the course „Medizinische Biometrie für Mediziner“, and the course is criticized as being too theoretical. To tackle this problem, the Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics of the University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lüeck, at the University at Lüeck re-structured the course. The aim was to teach not only understanding and performing statistical analyses but also the foundations of evidence-based medicine, and thus to introduce more practical elements. While in the lecture, foundations of descriptive and inferential statistics are taught, the seminar is divided into two parts. In the first, biometrical problems are solved, in the second, evidence-based medicine is introduced. To this end, the students receive scientific articles in English and German, from which they extract both content and evaluation according to evidence criteria. Details of the studies are then discussed thoroughly during the seminar From the beginning on, the connection between both parts of the course is emphasized: Understanding the solution of biometrical problems is a prerequisite for critically evaluating medical evidence and thus for evidence-based medicine. The results of the final test for the course „edizinische Biometrie fü Mediziner“ are used to assess the success of re-structuring the course. Furthermore, the students evaluate the lecture and the seminar during the semester The results indicated that at the end of the semester; the students are familiar with the important concepts of evidence-based medicine, and that the acceptance of the course has reached a satisfying level.
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