| 21. |
- Schubert, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Proteome Map of the Chloroplast Lumen of Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 277:10, s. 8354-8365
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast is the center of oxygenic photosynthesis. To better understand the function of the luminal compartment within the thylakoid network, we have carried out a systematic characterization of the luminal thylakoid proteins from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data show that the thylakoid lumen has its own specific proteome, of which 36 proteins were identified. Besides a large group of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases and proteases, a family of novel PsbP domain proteins was found. An analysis of the luminal signal peptides showed that 19 of 36 luminal precursors were marked by a twin-arginine motif for import via the Tat pathway. To compare the model organism Arabidopsis with another typical higher plant, we investigated the proteome from the thylakoid lumen of spinach and found that the luminal proteins from both plants corresponded well. As a complement to our experimental investigation, we made a theoretical prediction of the luminal proteins from the whole Arabidopsis genome and estimated that the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplast contains ~80 proteins.
|
|
| 22. |
- Sjöberg, Rickard L, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender biases in decisions on euthanasia among Swedish jurors
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:6, s. 469-471
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study set out to investigate whether group- based biases may influence decisions regarding euthanasia in Swedish jurors ( namndeman). Thirty- eight Swedish jurors were presented with a case description of euthanasia in a severely brain- damaged patient. Age and gender of the patient were systematically varied. The jurors were asked to what extent they believed that euthanasia was ethical in the case presented to them and whether they thought that it should be legal. Jurors tended to be supportive of euthanasia and were more so when it was used on patients who belonged to the opposite gender. These results suggest that group- based biases may influence decisions regarding euthanasia in Swedish jurors. The finding has implication for the Swedish debate regarding a possible legalization of such procedures.
|
|
| 23. |
- Sundin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Suffering from care as expressed in the narratives of former patients in somatic wards
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 16-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To illuminate patients' experiences of suffering from care, ten former patients in somatic wards narrated a desirable care episode (n = 39) and an undesirable care episode (n = 51). The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy. Four themes were found: having a good rest, suffering through, searching for autonomy and being cared for by attentive and committed staff. The findings were interpreted in light of Eriksson's description of suffering, which describes three kinds of suffering: 'suffering of life', 'suffering of illness' and 'suffering of caring'. Although not mentioned explicitly, it was evident that cases of suffering from care were indicated in the patients' narratives. The themes were related to the patients' states of health, their experience of the care situation and their descriptions of themselves, and could be understood as related to the acts of the 'drama of suffering' described by Eriksson. The study highlights the need for the patient to find a co-actor in the drama of suffering in order to prevent suffering from care, i.e. prevent hindrance to the patient in her/his struggle against the 'suffering of illness' and the 'suffering of life'. The patients must be seen as the directors of their own dramas of suffering.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Tobin, Gerard, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsets with restricted immunoglobulin gene rearrangement features indicate a role for antigen selection in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 104:9, s. 2879-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA1) is a condition associated with salt wasting leading to dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. Sporadic cases and two familial forms, one autosomal dominant and one autosomal recessive form, have been described. The autosomal dominant or sporadic form manifests milder salt wasting that remits with age. Mutations in the gene encoding the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) have been identified in patients with the autosomal dominant inheritance. However, recent studies suggest that the autosomal dominant and sporadic forms are genetically heterogeneous and that additional genes might be involved. We report on the study of 15 members of a Swedish five-generation family with the autosomal dominant form of PHA1. Interestingly, neuropathy was found in two of five affected individuals. A novel heterozygous nonsense mutation C436X in exon 2 was identified in the index patient by linkage analysis, PCR, and direct sequencing of the MR gene. Analysis of the family demonstrated that the mutation segregated with PHA1 in the family. It is unclear whether the neuropathy is associated with the mutation found. Our results together with previously published data suggest that loss-of-function mutations of the MR gene located at 4q31.1, commonly are associated with the autosomal dominant form of PHA1.
|
|
| 26. |
- Ullenhag, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of GM-CSF antibodies in cancer patients receiving GM-CSF for immunostimulation.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 99, s. 65-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have assessed the immunogenicity profile of GM-CSF in patients with either colorectal carcinoma (CRC) at different stages of disease or with multiple myeloma who were given recombinant human GM-CSF (Escherichia coli-derived) combination therapy. Metastatic CRC patients received a colon carcinoma-reactive antibody and high doses of GM-CSF (425--500 microg/day for 10 days), while other CRC patients and those with myeloma received low doses of GM-CSF (75--80 microg/day for 4 days) as an adjuvant along with appropriate tumor antigens. We found that 55% of the patients (11/20) given high doses of GM-CSF developed GM-CSF-reactive antibodies in comparison with an incidence of only 16% (4/25) in patients given low doses of GM-CSF. None of the patients developed neutralizing antibodies and so the biological effects of GM-CSF were not compromised. A majority of patients (80%) (36/45) also developed antibodies to E. coli proteins that were present as trace contaminants in the GM-CSF product. Treatment with recombinant GM-CSF products, therefore, may induce antibodies against this cytokine depending on the regimen and the amounts used. In this study, multiple immunizations with low doses of GM-CSF was associated with a low incidence of GM-CSF antibodies, which did not neutralize the effect of the cytokine. This therapeutic strategy was effective in inducing adjuvant-type effects and needs to be explored in further clinical trials with this cytokine.
|
|
| 27. |
- Ullenhag, Gustav J, et al.
(författare)
-
Induction of IgG subclass responses in colorectal carcinoma patients vaccinated with recombinant carcinoembryonic antigen.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 62, s. 1364-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is scanty information on the IgG subclass response after vaccination against cancer antigens. The induction and development of the IgG subclass responses in 18 colorectal carcinoma patients vaccinated s.c. seven times with recombinant human carcinoembryonic antigen (rhCEA) over a 12-month period were analyzed by ELISA. The patients were followed for 3 years. Four rhCEA doses were used, and half of the patients also received granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant. Anti-rhCEA-specific IgG1 and IgG4 responses and, to a lesser degree, IgG2 responses were markedly enhanced by concomitant GM-CSF administration, whereas the antigen dose was of minor importance. Almost no IgG3 response was observed. A significant antibody response was noted within the first weeks for IgG1 and IgG2 but noted several months later for IgG4. The responses gradually increased by repeated immunizations and peaked around 12 months for IgG1 and a few months later for IgG2 and IgG4. A sustained but reduced response was noted for these three subclasses at 24 and 36 months. Interestingly, there was a gradual shift from a predominant IgG1 response at 6 months to an IgG4 response at 15 months. No significant change in total concentrations of the four IgG subclasses was observed comparing prevaccination concentrations with concentrations at 12 months, indicating an antigen-specific effect of GM-CSF administration on the anti-rhCEA response. The clinical significance of the individual IgG subclass antibodies for tumor response is not clear and requires additional studies.
|
|
| 28. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
|
|
| 29. |
- Petersson, Lars G, et al.
(författare)
-
Professional fluoride varnish treatment for caries control: a systematic review of clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 170-6
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was systematically to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of professional fluoride varnish treatments. A search of the literature for articles published between 1966 and August 2003 was carried out in electronic databases, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks in accordance with the strategy of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. Out of 302 identified papers, 24 randomized and controlled clinical trials comparing fluoride varnish with placebo, no active treatment or other fluoride preventive regimens of at least 2 years' study duration were included. The trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed independently and systematically by at least two reviewers and scored from A to C according to predetermined criteria for methodology and performance. The main outcome measure was the preventive fraction expressed as a percentage. The results displayed limited evidence (evidence level 3) for the caries preventive effect of topical applications of fluoride varnishes in permanent teeth. The average prevented fraction was 30% (0-69%) when compared with untreated controls. Inconclusive evidence (evidence level 4) was found for fluoride varnish treatment in the primary dentition and in adults. This systematic review reinforces the need for future dinical research of high quality, incorporating modern concepts of dinical performance and evaluation to assess dental caries control using professional fluoride varnish.
|
|
| 30. |
- Twetman, Svante, et al.
(författare)
-
Caries-preventive effect of sodium fluoride mouthrinses: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - Oslo : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:4, s. 223-30
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care launched a project group in 1999 to systematically review and evaluate the existing literature on different caries-preventive methods. The aim of this article was to report the findings concerning the caries-preventive effect of fluoride mouthrinses (FMRs) in various age groups, with special reference to background fluorides. A systematic search in electronic databases for literature published between 1966 and August 2003 was conducted with the inclusion criteria of a randomized or controlled clinical trial, at least 2 years' follow-up, and caries increment in the permanent dentition (DeltaDMFS/T) as endpoint. Out of 174 articles originally identified, 62 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed independently by at least two reviewers and scored A-C according to predetermined criteria for methodology and performance. The measure of effect was the prevented fraction (PF) expressed as percent. The level of evidence was based on 25 articles. The results revealed limited evidence (evidence level 3) for the caries-preventive effect (PF 29%) of daily or weekly sodium fluoride rinses compared with placebo in permanent teeth of schoolchildren and adolescents with no additional fluoride exposure and for a caries-preventive effect on root caries in older adults. Inconclusive evidence (evidence level 4) was found regarding the effect of FMRs in schoolchildren and adolescents exposed to additional fluoride sources such as daily use of fluoride toothpaste. No firm support for the use of FMRs was disclosed in a small number of studies designed for patients at caries risk. Furthermore, no association between the frequency of the rinses and prevented fraction or saved surfaces per year was found. In conclusion, this systematic review suggests that sodium fluoride mouthrinses may have an anti-caries effect in children with limited background of fluoride exposure, while its additional effect in children with daily use of fluoride toothpaste could be questioned. The need for further clinical trials to elucidate the effect of FMRs in risk patients and older adults is emphasized.
|
|
