| 58811. |
- Johansson, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid microglia and neurodegenerative markers in twins concordant and discordant for psychotic disorders.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 267:5, s. 391-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are debilitating psychiatric disorders with partially shared symptomatology including psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment. Aberrant levels of microglia and neurodegenerative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers have previously been found in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to analyze familial and environmental influences on these CSF markers and their relation to psychiatric symptoms and cognitive ability. CSF was collected from 17 complete twin pairs, nine monozygotic and eight dizygotic, and from one twin sibling. Two pairs were concordant for schizophrenia, and 11 pairs discordant for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder, and four pairs were not affected by psychotic disorders. Markers of microglia activation [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chitinase 3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14)], markers of β-amyloid metabolism (AβX-38, AβX-40, AβX-42 and Aβ1-42), soluble amyloid precursor proteins (sAPP-α and sAPP-β), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and CSF/serum albumin ratio were measured in CSF using immunoassays. Heritability of the CSF markers was estimated, and associations to psychiatric and cognitive measurements were analyzed. Heritability estimates of the microglia markers were moderate, whereas several neurodegenerative markers showed high heritability. In contrast, AβX-42, Aβ1-42, P-tau and CSF/serum albumin ratio were influenced by dominant genetic variation. Higher sCD14 levels were found in twins with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder compared to their not affected co-twins, and higher sCD14-levels were associated with psychotic symptoms. The study provides support for a significant role of sCD14 in psychotic disorders and a possible role of microglia activation in psychosis.
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| 58812. |
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| 58813. |
- Johansson, Vicki, 1961
(författare)
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Gendered roads to mayorship in different welfare states
- 2006
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Ingår i: Henry Bäck, Hubert Heinelt & Annick Magnier (eds.), The European Mayor: Political leaders in changing context of local democracy. - Wiesbaden : VS Verlag. - 3531145746
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How and why the proportion of women mayors varies among European countries is analyzed in relation to individual and country specific factors.
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| 58814. |
- Johansson, Viktoria, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone-induced stimulation of swimming and feeding behaviour of rainbow trout is abolished by the D-1 dopamine antagonist SCH23390
- 2005
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Ingår i: General and Comparative Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-6480. ; 141:1, s. 58-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of GH on various types of behaviour in fish are well documented although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In rainbow trout, an involvement of the brain dopaminergic system in mediating the behavioural effects of GH has been indicated, as GH can alter the brain doparninergic activity. To further examine the role of the dopaminergic system in the mediation of GH effects on locomotion and foraging, GH- and sham-implanted juvenile rainbow trout were injected with the selective D, dopamine antagonist SCH23390 or vehicle. Swimming and feeding activity was then studied by direct observation. Brains were thereafter sampled and analysed for the content of serotonin, dopamine and their metabolites in the hypothalamus, optic tecturn, cerebellum, telencephalon, and brain stem. GH increased swimming activity as well as feed intake, effects which were abolished by SCH23390. By itself, the antagonist did not affect behaviour, nor did it affect the brain monoamines. In contrast, treatment with GH, with or without SCH23390, decreased the content of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in the optic tecturn and the cerebellum, as well as the serotomin content (5-HT) in the optic tectum. It is concluded that the D-1 dopamine receptor of the dopaminergic system appears to be of importance in the mediation of the effects of GH on behaviour. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 58815. |
- Johansson, Viktor, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Images of Devotion in Swedish Wall Paintings
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Medieval Congress, Leeds University, Storbritannien.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the first paper, devotional activities such as praying and worshipping in wall paintings, will be analysed. The wall paintings were the illiterate man's manual where he was taught the essentials of Christian faith and devotion.
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| 58816. |
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| 58817. |
- Johansson, Vicki, 1961
(författare)
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Is the ability of politicians to act as representatives between elections hampered in systems inspired by NPM?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Urban Research and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-5069 .- 1753-5077. ; 12:3, s. 264-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, I explore and analyse how the application of systems inspired by New (Normal) Public Management affects the capacity of politicians to act on behalf of the people. The aim is to acquire new knowledge about how output-based financial and performance measurement systems affect the form and content of deliberative processes between elections. The analysis is based on an extensive empirical process, both backwards and forwards in time, tracing analysis of a critical event that occurred within education policy in a Swedish municipality. One main hypothesis generated is that NPM-inspired systems have a negative effect on deliberations between elections in ways that generate lock-in effects that hamper the ability of politicians to act as representatives between elections.
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| 58818. |
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| 58819. |
- Johansson, Vicki, 1961
(författare)
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Lock-in effects of performance measurement systems or how politicians and public officials discretion is circumscribed and representative democracy weakened
- 2016
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Ingår i: EGPA conference 2016, Utrecht, 24-26/8.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Performance measurement constitute a core element in public management systems all over the world, on local, national, regional as well as on international level. The research is monumental and encompasses a wide range of theoretical and empirical themes and research questions. However, one axiomatic and implicit basic assumption very seldom challenged is that performance measurement is understood as an essential and necessary component in a well-functioning democracy. In this paper I will argue that performance measurement systems tend to undermine representative democracy by first altering roles and behaviours and then cementing relations between politicians and public officials in modes that circumscribe both their discretion. Theoretically the argument is based on a combination of performance, organisational, behavioural and democratic theory. Empirically it is based on a case study performed within a Swedish municipality that went trough a political crisis that unleashed a formative moment. From a methodological perspective formative moments are highly advantageous since they make visible structures, processes and causal mechanism that under normal circumstances often are concealed and arduous to detect.
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| 58820. |
- Johansson, Viktoria, et al.
(författare)
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Microscopic Particles in Two Fractions of Fresh Cerebrospinal Fluid in Twins with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and in Healthy Controls
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Using scanning electron microscopy, microscopic structures have been identified in fresh cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but only rarely in control subjects. However, it has not been determined whether these microscopic particles represent state or trait markers, i.e. if their presence is related to clinical manifestations of the disease or if they also can be found in as yet asymptomatic individuals with a genetic liability. This question can be addressed by studying twins discordant or concordant for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated microscopic structures in CSF in 102 individuals: 21 monozygotic and 16 dizygotic twins affected or not affected with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder and in 65 healthy singleton controls. A first and a second fraction of CSF was freshly applied on filters and examined by scanning electron microscopy technique. Spherical particles with lipid appearance averaging between 0.1 to 8.0 mu m in diameter were detected in the center of the filter as well as located in the margins of larger aggregates binding in a viscous state. Structures were found in 12 of 17 probands, 5 of 12 healthy co-twins and 3 of 73 healthy controls. Thus, a positive microscopic finding significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the proband group (OR = 48, 95% CL: 8.2-550, p<0.0001) and the co-twin-group (OR = 16, 95% CL: 2.0-218, p = 0.006). Age, sex, history of alcohol abuse or anxiety syndrome, somatic disorder and markers of acute inflammatory activity did not account for group differences; nor did exposure to psychotropic medication. Conclusion: Presence of microscopic particles in CSF may possibly reflect trait dependent genetic or environmental vulnerability in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder.
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