| 1. |
- Ferrara, R, et al.
(author)
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Atmospheric mercury concentrations and fluxes in the Almaden District (Spain)
- 1998
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 32:22, s. 3897-3904
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Atmospheric mercury levels around the world's largest mining and refining complex (Almaden, Spain) were determined during two field campaigns (September 1993 and February 1994) using both point monitors and lidar techniques. High mercury concentrations (0.1-5 mu g m(-3)) were measured over the village of Almaden in the prevailing wind direction. In the month of September the total mercury flux into the atmosphere was estimated to range from 600 to 1200 g h(-1). An attempt was made to measure the contribution from individual mercury sources. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Bennett, M, et al.
(author)
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Joint application of Doppler Lidar and differential absorption lidar to estimate the atomic mercury flux from a chlor-alkali plant
- 2006
-
In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 40:4, s. 664-673
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have combined differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of mercury concentrations downwind of a chloralkali plant (Rosignano Solvay) with measurements of wind profiles made with a Doppler Lidar based on modern fibreoptic technology. Since the flux of pollutant is equal to the cross-wind integral of the product of concentration and wind speed, this should permit us to make a more precise estimate of the fugitive emission of mercury from the plant than could be obtained by using anemometer measurements of the wind. The flux was estimated to be 54g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on the plant building; 49g Hgh(-1) using an anemometer on a nearby 10m mast; and 48g Hgh(-1) using wind speed corrections estimated from the Doppler Lidar measurements. Because of difficulties with the range resolution of the Doppler Lidar, the precision of this estimate was not as good as it should have been, though the difference from the rooftop anemometer remains statistically significant. Corrections of this magnitude are irrelevant to the Rosignano plant, where the emission rate varies strongly with the meteorological conditions. Where a precise estimate of a steady flux is required, however, reliable measurements of the wind profile in the wake of the source are essential. Doppler Lidar provides a possible method for acquiring such measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Elemental mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants measured by lidar techniques
- 2005
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:39, s. 7474-7480
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques have been utilized to measure elemental gaseous mercury fluxes from mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) plants as a part of the European Union funded European mercury emissions from chlor-alkali plants (EMECAP) project. Three plants have been selected as study objects and a total of six measurement campaigns have been performed, one intercalibration campaign and five flux evaluation campaigns, in both winter and summer. The measurements were carried out using the Swedish optical parametric oscillator-(OPO) based mobile lidar system developed at Lund Institute of Technology. The study shows large differences in the mercury emissions measured in winter or summer and at the different plants. The average values for the campaigns ranged from 6 g h(-1) in the winter campaign at the Swedish plant to 54 g h(-1) in the summer campaign at the Italian plant.
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| 4. |
- Grönlund, Rasmus, et al.
(author)
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Mercury emissions from the Idrija mercury mine measured by differential absorption lidar techniques and a point monitoring absorption spectrometer
- 2005
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In: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 39:22, s. 4067-4074
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Mercury emission measurements from the ldrija mercury mine in Slovenia were performed during an early November 2003 campaign, where the differential lidar technique was used to map mercury concentrations and an attempt was made to quantify the total mercury flux from the most contaminated area, the abandoned cinnabar roasting oven complex. Lidar concentration data were compared with data recorded with a Zeeman modulated atomic absorption instrument, operated from a vehicle equipped with a GPS localization system. Concentrations and fluxes were comparatively low due to low temperature and rainfall. The average flux from the distillation plant was measured to approximately 2 g h(-1).
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