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Sökning: db:Swepub > Örebro universitet > Mälardalens universitet > (2008)

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1.
  • Alexandersson, Örjan, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Externredovisning : praktikfallet Tebe Färg AB
  • 2008. - 2
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Boken är en praktisk och helhetsorienterad redovisningsuppgift i extern redovisning. Uppgiften utgår från ett fiktivt, men verklighetstroget företag som tillverkar färg. Utifrån en bakgrundsbeskrivning av företaget, föregående års balans- och resultaträkning, bolagsstämmeprotokoll, styrelseprotokoll, bankkontoutdrag samt verifikationer för ett räkenskapsår, skall studenterna organisera redovisningen, genomföra den löpande bokföringen, göra bokslut samt upprätta årsredovisning enligt gällande lagstiftning och praxis. Till detta kan även ett moment av revision tillfogas.
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2.
  • Brav, Agneta, 1955- (författare)
  • Industrial work groups : the impact of job design, leader support and group processes on initiative and self-organization
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • From an organizational perspective the issue of which organizational solutions will benefit productivity, efficiency and the innovation process is central. Work groups can be an effective means. The general aim of the thesis from a psychological perspective is to examine work conditions and thereafter investigate how such conditions impact on whether or not work groups redefine stipulated tasks to incorporate initiative-taking and self-organization, thus enabling them to implement meaningful change.Based on action regulation theory, detailed work task analysis is assumed to be worthwhile as it provides data that cannot be captured with interviews or questionnaires exclusively. Data is based on work task analyses and questionnaires administered to work groups at four Swedish industrial organizations. In Study I a theoretical model of the relations of job design, work routines and social routines and reflexivity and learning processes was tested. Results showed that job design and work routines strongly impacted on reflexivity and learning processes. In Study II this model was extended into a theoretical inputprocess- output model to include group initiative and self-organizational activities as outcomes of job design, mediated by group processes. The model provided substantial, but not complete, support. Job design strongly impacts on reflexivity, and reflexivity directly impacts self organizational activities. To explore the importance of leadership support and potency longitudinally for group initiative, in Study III two data collections were included. The findings showed that potency, compared to perceived autonomy and support from leader, was the best predictor of group initiative. Together the studies show that the dimensions of job design, support from leader, reflexivity, and potency as well as cooperation and social support are important for the outcomes of work groups if the organization wants groups to take initiative and engage in self-organizational activities. It is also advocated that job design contains an inherent potential for learning and the possibility to make use of one’s resources. Main findings, strengths, limitations, practical and theoretical implications, directions for future research and when it will be worthwhile to invest in group work are included in the discussion.
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3.
  • Henningsson, Johan, 1965- (författare)
  • Fund Managers as Cultured Observers
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • During the last few decades, Intellectual Capital (IC) has been recognized as an important resource in firms. In order to improve IC reporting, a number of guidelines have been initiated in Europe and in Japan. The capital market has been one important target group for these initiatives. However, actors on the capital market seem to be ambivalent towards IC information. They both demand and find such information useful, and at the same time, they seem to lack interest in it. This thesis contains five papers that aim to explore how actors on the capital market deal with IC information. A qualitative research approach is applied involving interviews with 14 fund managers in Stockholm. In the analysis of the data, fund managers are seen as ‘cultured observers’, meaning they are influenced by social forces when they observe IC information. Three social forces were identified as being imposed on the respondents. These forces represent social logics that are created in the relationship between the fund managers and ·         the organization in which they work ·         the market price and rationale ·         the agendas around certain companies The seemingly increased complexity of IC information does not always bother fund managers. The rationale of interacting social networks reduces this complexity in order for the information to make sense in their meaning-based reproduction. With respect to ethical funds, this thesis suggests that the rationales of the three social forces above do not seem to have changed in order to include social aspects. Instead, these aspects are taken care of elsewhere in organizations, leaving fund managers outside of their potential for compromising market rationales. Furthermore, fund managers tend to reduce the complexity of information concerning personnel and the working environment by depending on having the right management in organisations. This thesis contributes by increasing our understanding of how the social environment influences fund managers when they observe IC information. By regarding fund managers as ‘cultured observers’ it explores how complexity is dealt with, an approach that contrasts with assumptions within finance theory about profit maximizing actors. Here, the market price and rationale represent one social force among many.
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4.
  • Höglund, Linda, 1972- (författare)
  • Forskning om kompetens och lärande : Översikt av utgivna avhandlingar mellan åren 2003 till och med 2007
  • 2008
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Två undersökningar kartlägger kompetens och lärande i arbetslivet utifrån avhandlingar (doktor och licentiat) examinerade vid svenska universitet och högskolor – en under år 2005 av Andersson och Johansson och en år 2007 av Höglund. Dessa undersökningar täcker tillsammans tidsperioden 2003 till och med 2007. Föreliggande rapport syftar till att summera resultaten från dessa två undersökningar för att ge en översiktsbild av den forskning (i form av avhandlingar) som bedrivits inom området kompetens och lärande i arbetslivet. Den gemensamma frågeställningen för de båda undersökningarna är följande: Vad har hänt sedan 1990-talet med kompetens- och lärandefrågor på forskningsagendan?Databaserna Diva och Libris användes för att hitta relevanta avhandlingar som skrivits inom området. En lista med sökord, totalt 51 stycken, med både svenska och engelska ord togs fram för urvalet av avhandlingar. Detta resulterade i att totalt 143 avhandlingar kartlades, 68 stycken i undersökningen från år 2005 och 74 stycken från undersökningen genomförd år 2007. I analysen studeras hur kartbilden förändrats sedan 1990-talet, genom att studera avvikelser mellan undersökningarna utförda år 2005 och år 2007. Vissa jämförelser görs även med en undersökning som genomfördes år 2000 av Eng och Mårtensson där ansökningar inom fältet har studerats. I rapporten återges en kvantitativ beskrivning i var (ort) och av vem (disciplin) samt inom vad (studieobjekt) avhandlingar som inom fältet kompetens- och lärandefrågor i arbetslivet bedrivs, under åren 2003 till och med 2007.Ett resultat i rapporten är en beskrivning av vilka discipliner som är störst inom forskningen (mätt i antal avhandlingar) inom fältet lärande och kompetens i arbetslivet. De två största kategorierna har en anknytning till pedagogiska eller ekonomiska institutioner, även om det i undersökningen från år 2007 påvisas en viss minskning för båda dessa discipliner . Ett annat intressant resultat som framkommit är att i undersökningen från år 2007 ökar antalet avhandlingar från institutioner kopplade till data/teknik/teknologi markant, i jämförelse med undersökning från år 2005.Gemensamt för alla avhandlingar, i föreliggande rapport, är att andelen forskning som inte är knuten till någon specifik bransch dominerar. Avhandlingar som kan härledas till en empirisk anknytning är främst inom industri, skola, stat och kommun samt vård och omsorg. Det framkommer också att det vanligaste perspektivet är lärandeprocesser i teori och praktik, med 33 stycken avhandlingar. Därefter följer lärande och kompetens i samband med förändringsarbete och utvecklingsprocesser inom organisationer, totalt 18 stycken avhandlingar.I de sammanfattande reflektionerna framkommer det också att inför framtida uppföljningar av undersökningarna, från år 2005 och 2007, kan det finnas en anledning att ytterligare uppdatera listan med sökord. Detta då de svenska sökorden gav få träffar och att allt fler avhandlingar tycks skrivas på engelska.
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5.
  • Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al. (författare)
  • An integrative review combined with a semantic review to explore the meaning of Swedish terms compatible with occupation, activity, doing and task
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 52-63
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    •  The aims of this study were to explore the intended meaning of the terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task” used in international occupational therapy literature and from this perspective explore which Swedish terms best capture these meanings. A literature review of occupational therapy-related journals was performed to gain a basic understanding of the term occupation and related terms. In addition, a semantic review was used: English and Swedish dictionaries were reviewed to explore the semantic meaning of the English terms “occupation”, “activity”, “doing”, and “task”, and the Swedish terms “aktivitet”, “syssla/sysselsättning”, “görande”, and “uppgift”. A comparison was also performed by searching for parallels between the results of the literature review, the semantic definitions of the English and Swedish terms and the comprehensive meaning of the Swedish terms aktivitet and syssla/sysselsättning. An overarching idea of the concept of occupation was found in the literature review and for the purposes of this study we have identified this as Occupation for survival. From this overarching idea, three themes were identified: The feature of occupation, Impact of occupation and Occupation an occupational therapy concept. Each theme could be subdivided into sub-themes. The Swedish term aktivitet was found to have more power, strength, and spirit connected to the synonyms found in the semantic analysis than to those connected with the Swedish term syssla/sysselsättning. According to the findings in this study we found that the term “aktivitet” is the best comparable term in Swedish to the English term “occupation”.
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6.
  • Johansson, Ann-Christin (författare)
  • Psychosocial factors in patients with lumbar disc herniation : enhancing postoperative outcome by the identifiction of predictive factors and optimised physiotherapy
  • 2008
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Psychosocial factors have been advanced as an explanation for the development of chronic disability in 20 to 30% of patients treated by lumbar disc surgery. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to study the role of psychosocial factors in patients undergoing first-time lumbar disc surgery in relation to the outcome of both surgery and subsequent physiotherapy. Methods: Sixty-nine patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing first-time disc surgery participated in the studies; in addition, Study I included 162 knee patients for comparison. Psychosocial factors were assessed preoperatively, as was the activation of the physiological stress response system. Pain, disabil-ity and quality of life were assessed before, and 3 and 12 months after surgery. Coping and kinesiophobia were analysed before and one year after surgery. The results of two different postoperative training programmes were compared. Results: There were no differences between disc and knee patients regarding the presence of psychosocial stress factors preoperatively (Study I). Disc patients with low diurnal cortisol variability had lower physical function, perceived fewer possibilities to influence their pain and were more prone to catastrophise than patients with high diurnal cortisol variability (Study II). The results of clinic-based physiotherapy and home training did not differ regarding postoperative disability and pain 3 months after surgery. The home-based group had less pain and higher quality of life in comparison to the clinic-based group 12 months after surgery (Study III). Patients’ expectations of returning to work could best predict pain, disability, quality of life and sick leave one year after surgery (Study IV). Psychosocial factors were only weakly asso-ciated to pain, disability, quality of life and sick leave preoperatively. However, these associations were stronger in patients with residual pain one year after surgery. Conclusion: Psychosocial factors and, in particular, patients’ expectations regarding outcome are associated with the results of lumbar disc surgery. Assessing psychosocial factors preoperatively and developing an active home training programme after surgery could create options leading to better results for these patients.
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7.
  • Johansson, Tobias, 1977- (författare)
  • Ekonomicheferna om ekonomin 2008
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Kapacitet att möta förändrade förutsättningar?. - Göteborg : Kommunforskning i Västsverige. - 9789197750233 ; , s. 13-18
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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8.
  • Johansson, Tobias, 1977- (författare)
  • Ekonomistyrning av externa leverantörer 2008
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Kapacitet att möta förändrade förutsättningar?. - Göteborg : Kommunforskning i Västsverige. - 9789197750233 ; , s. 64-69
  • Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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9.
  • Johansson, Tobias, 1977- (författare)
  • Municipal contracting out : Governance choices, misalignment and performance in Swedish local government
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Financial Accountability and Management. - : Wiley. - 0267-4424 .- 1468-0408. ; 24:3, s. 243-264
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we apply a Transaction Cost Theory framework to analyse the use and effects of contracting out in Swedish local government. During the last decade Swedish local authorities, like in many other countries, have, to a larger extent, started to contract external subcontractors to fulfil their responsibilities towards its citizens. It is not only in the traditional subcontracting sectors such as housing, infrastructure, and technical services that this trend is evident, but also in policy areas like education, social care, and elderly care. In fact, very little is known about the overall effects of, and the mechanisms underlying, governance choices. The overall results corroborate transaction cost reasoning. Supplier competition and specificity have anticipated effects on municipal de-integration. Too little, but not too much, use of contracting out, in relation to theoretical predictions, worsens performance. The latter aspect is not fully in accordance with TCE-propositions.
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10.
  • Kullberg, Christian, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Gender differences in Social workers assessments and help-giving strategies towards single parents
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 11:4, s. 445-458
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The study investigates Swedish male and female social workers' assessments and help-giving strategies towards single parents applying for income support. The study was carried out with the help of a vignette distributed as a mail questionnaire. Results show that social workers tend to conform to assessments and help-giving strategies that are consistent with expectations linked to their own gender role.
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