| 349571. |
- Steigen, Anne Mari
(författare)
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Social support in nature-based services for young adults with mental health problems
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to examine nature-based services for young adults with mental health problems, focusing on the meaning of different dimensions of social support.Methods: The thesis includes four studies that use a variety of data sources and methods: an integrative literature review of nature-based services in the Nordic countries; a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 93 young adults participating in nature-based services in Norway; and qualitative data comprising 20 interviews with nine participants in nature-based services. In addition, a sample of clinical mental health care in-patients and a sample of young adults from the general population are used for comparative analysis related to mental health problems. Data are analysed using a variety of statistical analyses and qualitative content analysis. Rasch analysis is employed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Social Provisions Scale (SPS-10).Results: The majority of young adults in nature-based services struggles with mental health problems. The results indicate that they show more symptoms of mental health problems than the sample from the general population, but fewer than the sample of clinical mental health care in-patients. Previous research papers highlight the importance of social support in nature-based services. However, knowledge about social support in these services is limited. Rasch analysis of the SPS-10 supports the division of social support into functional and structural support and the SPS-10 is revised for use in the nature-based sample. Participants receive emotional, esteem, informational and instrumental support in the services, and experience social integration and opportunities for nurturance. The results also indicate that nature-based services add specific qualities to the dimensions of social support, for instance, through support from animals.Conclusions: Social support is important in nature-based services, and various dimensions of social support are provided in the services. Emotional and esteem support, along with opportunities for nurturance, may be of particular importance for participants with mental health problems.
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| 349572. |
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| 349573. |
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| 349574. |
- Stein, Alfred, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial Interpolation of Extreme PM1 Values Using Copulas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computational and Methodological Statistics and Biostatistics: Contemporary Essays in Advancement. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 309-328
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Air quality is a common cause for respiratory health problems. It shows high temporal and spatial variability within urban areas and currently sensors are installed to monitor air quality. The objective of this paper is to investigate its spatial variability during peak hours. Spatial statistical methods are based upon copula theory, integrating distributions from different pollutants and at different locations. In this paper attention focused on PM1 as one of the neglected components of air quality so far. Using observations from the Netherlands, we compared two hours: the first hour of the New Year, and an hour with a high traffic congestion. We investigated the size of the sensor network by analyzing observations from a city with 35 sensors with a city with four sensors and a city with one sensor. In the absence of an environmental standard for PM1, the paper defined a threshold related to existing thresholds of PM2.5 and PM10. Results showed the adequacy of the large network, generating a varying pattern during the high peak hour, whereas in cities with less sensors both the spatial spread and possibly large values are missed. In particular the first hour of the New Year showed large concentrations and high probabilities that a threshold was exceeded, whereas the second peak hour showed values well below the threshold. We conclude that the mapping of PM1 concentrations can well be done by copula interpolation. Using one or three sensors may save expenses, but this is at the cost of missing extreme values as well as spatial patterns. Both are potentially important for public health measures.
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| 349575. |
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| 349576. |
- Stein, Jennie
(författare)
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Trypanotolerance and phenotypic characteristics of four Ethiopian cattle breeds
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trypanosomosis is the single most important livestock disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Infected animals suffer from weight loss, anemia and miscarriages. Trypanotolerant breeds, however, can survive, produce and reproduce even under disease pressure. In Ethiopia some breeds live in infected areas and could possess trypanotolerance. The aim of this study was to compare the four Ethiopian cattle breeds Abigar, Gurage, Horro and Sheko in aspects related to trypanotolerance. These breeds are all kept in different tsetse infested parts of South-Western Ethiopia. To learn about constraints for livestock production and about cattle diseases in particular, a survey was carried out among livestock keepers in the areas where the breeds are normally kept. Trypanosomosis was considered the most important disease in all areas. Sheko and Abigar had the best milk production according to the livestock keepers. The reproductive performance was the least favorable for Gurage. Blood samples were collected during the peak trypanosomosis challenge period of the year, to determine parasitaemia and Packed red Cell Volume (PCV) as indicators of trypanosomosis. Sheko cattle were least infected by trypanosomes (6%), compared to the other breeds (17-23%). Horro and Sheko had the best PCV. The number of trypanocidal treatments varied greatly, where Sheko had the fewest and Gurage the most (1 vs. 24 treatments per animal and year). The four breeds were also compared at a field experimental station in a tsetse infested area (Ghibe valley), where a total of 375 animals were kept. Abigar and Gurage showed poor reproductive characteristics compared to Horro and Sheko. The survival rates were best in Horro and Sheko. Sheko and Abigar had the highest PCV. Sheko had the fewest average number of trypanocidal treatments and the lowest infection rate, 9% compared to 21-26% for the other breeds. Sheko cattle stand out as the most trypanotolerant animals; they rarely get infected by trypanosomes, and have good PCV, production and reproduction. A broader use of the Sheko breed in tsetse infested areas could improve animal health and household welfare. Immediate actions are needed to avoid extinction of this valuable breed.
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| 349577. |
- Stein, Martin, 1976-
(författare)
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Evolution and taxonomy of Cambrian arthropods from Greenland and Sweden
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arthropods have a rich fossil record spanning the Phanerozoic. Biomineralized forms such as the extinct trilobites are particularly common and are proven index fossils for biostratigraphy. Forms with an unmineralized cuticle are more rare, preserved only in so called konservat lagerstätten. Cambrian strata of Greenland have yielded rich trilobite faunas with potential for intercontinental correlation of Cambrian strata, but also an exceptionally preserved fauna, the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte. The first part of this thesis is concerned with trilobite biotratigraphy of the provisional Cambrian Series 2 in Greenland. The second part is concerned with exceptionally preserved arthropods from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, but also from 'Orsten' deposits from the Cambrian of Sweden. Perissopyge phenax occurs in the Henson Gletscher and Paralleldal formations spanning the Series 2 and 3 boundary interval in North Greenland. It also occurs in the Sekwi Formation of Yukon Territory, demonstrating that the species may hold potential for correlation within Laurentia. An indeterminate species of Perissopyge is shown to occur in the Ella Island Formation of North-East Greenland together with Olenellus cf. hanseni, which is similar to Olenellus cf. truemani described from the Henson Gletscher Formation. If this correlation is further corroborated it would offer a first tie-point for the An t'Sron Formation of North-West Scotland which yields Fritzolenellus lapworthi, herein reported for the first time from the Bastion Formation which underlies the Ella Island Formation. Oelandocaris oelandica from ‘Orsten’ deposits in the Cambrian series 3 and 4 boundary interval in Sweden is an early representative of the Crustacean stem lineage. Kiisortoqia avannaarsuensis is a new arthropod from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte with robust antennulae strikingly similar to the 'raptorial' limb of the problematic anomalocaridids. The ventral morphology of the 'bivalved' Isoxys volucris is described for the first time and compared with other species assigned to Isoxys from Cambrian lagerstätten around the world. Finally, Siriocaris trolla, is a new arthropod that similarities with trilobites and certain ‘trilobitomorphs’ but seems to lack important synapomorphies of these taxa, though this may be due to preservational limitations in the material at hand.
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| 349578. |
- Stein, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Trilobita : Dreilapper
- 2007
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Ingår i: Spezielle Zoologie. - : Elsevier GmbH, München. - 9783827415752 ; , s. 474-477
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 349579. |
- Stein, Rüdiger, et al.
(författare)
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The Arctic coring expedition - A breakthrough in Arctic Ocean geoscientific research
- 2007
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Ingår i: Exploration & Production - Oil & Gas Review, OTC Edition. ; , s. 47-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theories of emotion postulate that emotional input is processed independently from perceptual awareness.Although visual masking has a long tradition in studying whether emotional pictures are processedbelow a supposed threshold of perceptual awareness (subliminal perception), a consensus has yet to bereached. This article reviews current concerns in the use of visual masking. These include a reliablepresentation method, the role of masking pictures, common definitions of awareness and their problems,current models of awareness, and neural mechanisms. A useful strategy may be the study of dose–response relationships between awareness and emotion processing that avoids a dichotomous view ofawareness and allows conclusions about the relative independence of emotional processing fromawareness.
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| 349580. |
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