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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) srt2:(2010-2011)"

Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > (2010-2011)

  • Resultat 41-50 av 6877
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41.
  • Heshmati, Almas, et al. (författare)
  • Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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42.
  • Li, Chuan-Zhong, 1962-, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic cost–benefit analysis of large projects : the role of capital cost
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Economics Letters. - Uppsala : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 109:2, s. 128-130
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper derives a dynamic cost–benefit rule for evaluating large projects. We show that, in addition to the conventional income and consumer surplus measures, the rule also entails an extra term involving capital cost changes.
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43.
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44.
  • Semenova, Natalia, et al. (författare)
  • The value relevance of environmental and social performance : evidence from Swedish SIX 300 companies
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The Finnish Journal of Business Economics. - : Association for business administration studies. - 0024-3469 .- 2242-4296. ; 3:10, s. 265-292
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental, social, and governance performance has attracted close attention around the world and is becoming a focus of many companies, investors, financial analysts, and accounting policy makers.This paper provides insight into how environmental and social performance is reflected in the market value of listed SIX 300 companies on OMX Stockholm. Applying the Ohlson valuation model, we express the market value of equity as a function of the book value of equity, accounting earnings, and environmental and social performance, where the last two variables are the proxies for other valuerelevant information. We test this model with data from the GES Investment Services® risk ratings that enable us to create a holistic view on the long-term extra-financial performance and to disaggregate the effects of various dimensions of environmental and social performance on stock prices. The evidence presented in this study finds support for the value relevance of environmental performance at both aggregated and sub-aggregated levels. In the social dimension, support is found for community and supplier relations. We contribute empirical findings to the current debate on the relations between environmental and social performance and shareholder value, and demonstrate the extra-financial value of environmental and social performance.
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45.
  • Svensson, Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Willingness to pay for private and public road safety in stated preference studies : Why the difference?
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 42:4, s. 1205-1212
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estimates of the willingness to pay (WTP) for a mortality risk reduction can be used to calculate the value of a statistical life, which is a major component in many economic evaluations of environmental and safety policies. Previous research on the WTP for risk reductions using stated preference methods have found that the mean WTP for public risk reductions is significantly smaller compared to the mean WTP for private risk reductions of equal magnitude. Hence, the use of a private or public scenario in stated preference studies of e.g. environmental or safety policies may strongly determine the outcome of the economic evaluation. In this paper we use a stated preference survey to show that WTP for a private risk reduction is three times higher compared to a public risk reduction and a significant part of the difference can be explained by respondents’ attitudes towards privately and publicly provided goods in general.
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46.
  • von Below, David, et al. (författare)
  • Last in, first out? : Estimating the effect of seniority rules in Sweden
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Labour Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-5371 .- 1879-1034. ; 17:6, s. 987-997
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we investigate whether a relaxation in seniority rules (the "last-in-first-out" principle) had any effect on firms' employment behaviour. Seniority rules exist in several countries, but consequences of seniority rules on firms' employment behaviour have not been examined previously. The "last-in-first-out" principle in Sweden was reformed in January 2001 such that employers with ten or fewer employees were allowed to exempt two workers from the seniority rule. Using an employer-employee unbalanced panel data for the period 1996-2005, we find that both hires and separations increased in small firms relative to large firms by 5%. This also implies that there were no effects on firms' net employment. Our results show that firms reacted to changes in the seniority rules, but we argue that the effects are not overwhelmingly large.
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47.
  • Brännlund, Runar, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Environmental policy and profitability : Evidence from Swedish industry
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 12:1-2, s. 59-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigates the effect of a CO2 tax on profitability by using firm-level data on output and inputs from Swedish industry between 1990 and 2004. The purpose of this exercise is to investigate the validity of the so-called Porter hypothesis. By utilizing a factor-demand modeling approach, and specifying a profit function that has a technology component dependent upon firm-specific effective tax on CO2, we are able to separate out the effect of regulatory pressure on technological progress. The results indicate that there is evidence of a “reversed” Porter effect in most industrial sectors, especially in energy-intensive industries; that is, after controlling for the fuel price effect, technological progress and consequently profits are further negatively affected by the CO2 tax.
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48.
  • Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
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49.
  • Zabel, Astrid, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing conventional and new policy approaches for carnivore conservation : Theoretical results and application to tiger conservation
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 48:2, s. 287-301
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New policy approaches to facilitate the co-existence of wildlife and livestock are needed for situations where predation incidents greatly impact households’ income and retaliatory killing threatens endangered carnivore species’ survival. In this paper, models are developed to assess how two alternative policy approaches impact a herder’s decisions on carnivore hunting and livestock protection. We find that while the well-established ex-post compensation policy induces suboptimal livestock protection it can generate sufficient incentives for the herder to refrain from hunting so that the carnivore population reaches its socially optimal level. Performance payments are proposed as alternative policy. They are found not to distort livestock protection incentives and can also help achieve a socially optimal carnivore population level. Which of the two scheme types gives rise to less cost is ambiguous. An empirical analysis of the model with data from tiger-livestock conflicts in India is presented.
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50.
  • Zabel, Astrid, et al. (författare)
  • Outcomes and determinants of success of performance payment schemes for carnivore conservation
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper presents a first empirical assessment of the outcomes and determinants of carnivore conservation success in Sweden’s pioneer performance payment scheme. Carnivores in northern Sweden depend on reindeer as prey which causes conflicts with reindeer herders. As compensation and conservation incentive, the government issues performance payments to reindeer herder villages based on the number of carnivore offspring certified on their land. The villages decide on the internal use and distribution of the payments. In the literature, it is generally assumed that benefit distribution rules are exogenously given. We extend the literature by developing a model to investigate such rules as endogenous decision. We hypothesize that conservation success is determined by natural geographical factors and each village’s capability to engage in collective action to manage the internal payments so that conserving rather than hunting carnivores becomes villagers’ optimal strategy. The hypotheses developed are tested with empirical village and household-level data from Sweden. The paper concludes that if limited hunting is legal, conservation success strongly depends on villages’ potential for collective action and their payment distribution rule. In cases without legal hunting, performance payments together with penalties on poaching provide sufficient incentives for herders to refrain from illicit hunting. Furthermore, the data reveals that villages’ group size has a direct negative effect on conservation outcomes as predicted by collective action theory. However, there is also an indirect effect which positively impacts conservation outcomes through the payment distribution rule. This result, at least in part, revises the general collective action hypothesis on purely negative effects of group size and highlights the importance of investigating factors driving groups’ internal benefit distribution rules.
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