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- Athle, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of TiN Top Electrode Texturing on Ferroelectricity in Hf1-xZrxO2
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACS applied materials & interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 13:9, s. 11089-11095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferroelectric memories based on hafnium oxide are an attractive alternative to conventional memory technologies due to their scalability and energy efficiency. However, there are still many open questions regarding the optimal material stack and processing conditions for reliable device performance. Here, we report on the impact of the sputtering process conditions of the commonly used TiN top electrode on the ferroelectric properties of Hf1-xZrxO2. By manipulating the deposition pressure and chemistry, we control the preferential orientation of the TiN grains between (111) and (002). We observe that (111) textured TiN is superior to (002) texturing for achieving high remanent polarization (Pr). Furthermore, we find that additional nitrogen supply during TiN deposition leads to >5× greater endurance, possibly by limiting the scavenging of oxygen from the Hf1-xZrxO2 film. These results help explain the large Pr variation reported in the literature for Hf1-xZrxO2/TiN and highlights the necessity of tuning the top electrode of the ferroelectric stack for successful device implementation.
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| 3. |
- Bohlin, Magnus
(författare)
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Traveling to Events
- 2000
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Ingår i: Evaluation of events: Scandinavian Experiences. - New York : Cognizant Communication Corporation. - 1882345401 ; , s. 13-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding audience participation in an interactive theater performance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450325424 ; , s. 608-617
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an empirical study investigating audience participation in an interactive theater performance. During the performance, audience members were enticed to act upon and contribute to the performance by sharing their opinions, emotions, values and other thoughts, by means of text messages that were integrated into the performance itself. The study aimed at understanding the main characteristics of audience participation in the interactive performance, as well as the role of communication technology as a medium enabling social participation. The results draw attention to the immediate and reflective facets of audience participation, both unfolding at two different but interrelated levels of interactions: an individual and collective one.
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| 7. |
- Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Limits from a Social-Ecological perspective
- 2015
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Ingår i: First Monday. - : University of Illinois Libraries. - 1396-0466. ; 20:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The latest developments in the field of HCI have given rise to an increasing interest in issues pertaining to global warming, resource depletion and environmental degradation. Concern about such issues has contributed to give shape to the design space of sustainable HCI (SHCI); a space whose boundaries are at times blurred. On the one hand, some, design “sustainable” information technology based on visions of the world that do not really question limits to continuous economic growth and, on the other hand, others embrace the design of information technology from stances that acknowledges limits (i.e., economic, ecological, energetic). This paper introduces the perspective of social ecology into SHCI. This perspective provides us with a core set of principles that makes us situate computing at the intersection of physical (natural) and moral (human) qualities of our human environment systems. As such it confronts us with choices to be made in the challenging years to come and invites us to argue about the very purpose of information technology in a world of limitations.
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| 8. |
- Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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User Centered Development of Automatic E-mail Answering for the Public Sector
- 2012
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction, Tourism and Cultural Heritage. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642339431 - 9783642339448 ; , s. 154-156
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, the use of e-mail by the public sector has become a key communication service between citizens and governmental authorities. Although the integration of e-mail in the public sector has certainly brought citizens and handling officers closer, it has also introduced a particular vision on governmental authorities such as for instance the idea that public service and information should be available to citizens any time, anywhere. Such a belief among citizens puts certainly high demands on the quality and efficiency of the e-service governmental authorities are capable to provide. In fact, the growing number of citizens’ electronic requests must be accurately answered in a limited time. In the research project IMAIL (Intelligent e-mail answering service for eGovernment) [1], we have focused on the work carried out at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) that exemplifies a governmental authority dealing with 500,000 emails per year on top of face-to face meetings, phone calls and chat communication. With the objective of creating an e-mail client capable to ease and ensure the quality of SSIAs’ handling officers public service, we have developed a prototype that: (1) automatically answer a large part of simple questions in the incoming e-mail flow, (2) improve the quality of the semi- automatic answers (i.e. answer templates), and finally, (3) reduce the workload for the handling officers. The development of the prototype is grounded in an empirical study conducted at the SSIA. The study comprises the analysis and clustering of 10,000 citizens e-mails and the working activity of 15 handling officers that were collected through questionnaires, interviews and workshops [2].
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| 9. |
- Chen, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Tetranuclear Iron Complexes Bearing Benzenetetrathiolate Bridges as Four-Electron Transformation Templates and Their Electrocatalytic Properties for Proton Reduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 52:4, s. 1798-1806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two tetranuclear iron-sulfur complexes, (mu,mu-pbtt)[Fe-2(CO)(6)](2) (pbtt = benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrathiolato, 3) and (mu,mu-obtt)[Fe-2(CO)(6)](2) (obtt = benzene-1,2,3,4-tetrathiolato, 4), were prepared from reaction of Fe-3(CO)(12) and the corresponding tetramercaptobenzene in THF, respectively. Complexes 5 and 6, (mu,mu-pbtt)[Fe-2(CO)(5)L-1][Fe-2(CO)(5)L-2] (L-1 = CO, L-2 = PPyr(3) (Pyr = N-pyrrolyl), 5; L-1 = L-2 = PPyr(3), 6) were obtained by controlling CO displacement of 3 with PPyr(3). Molecular structures of 3-6 were determined by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray analyses. All-CO Fe4S4 complexes 3 and 4 each display four-electron reduction processes in consecutive chemically reversible two-electron reduction events with relatively narrow potential spans in the cyclic voltammograms. Phosphine-substituted Fe4S4 complexes 5 and 6 exhibit two consecutive two-electron reduction events, which are not fully reversible. The electrocatalytic properties of 3 and 4 for proton reduction were studied using a series of carboxylic acids of increasing strength (CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, CHCl2COOH, CCl3COOH, and CF3COOH). The mechanisms for electrochemical proton reduction to hydrogen catalyzed by complex 3 as a function of acid strength are discussed.
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