| 15541. |
- Lock, Jonathan, 1987
(författare)
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Towards Optimal Real-Time Automotive Emission Control
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The legal bounds on both toxic and carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles are continuously being lowered, forcing manufacturers to rely on increasingly advanced methods to reduce emissions and improve fuel efficiency. Though great strides have been made to date, there is still a large potential for continued improvement. Today, many subsystems in vehicles are optimized for static operation, where subsystems in the vehicle perform well at constant operating points. Extending optimal operation to the dynamic case through the use of optimal control is one method for further improvements. This thesis focuses on two subtopics that are crucial for implementing optimal control; dynamic modeling of vehicle subsystems, and methods for generating and evaluating computationally efficient optimal controllers. Though today's vehicles are outfitted with increasingly powerful computers, their computational performance is low compared to a conventional PC. Any controller must therefore be very computationally efficient in order to feasibly be implemented. Furthermore, a sufficiently accurate dynamic model of the subsystem is needed in order to determine the optimal control value. Though many dynamic models of the vehicle's subsystems exist, most do not fulfill the specific requirements set by optimal controllers. This thesis comprises five papers that, together, probe some methods of implementing dynamic optimal control in real-time. Two papers develop optimal control methods, one introduces and studies a cold-start model of the three-way catalyst, one paper extends the three-way catalyst model and studies optimal cold-start control, and one considers fuel-optimally controlling the speed of the engine in a series-hybrid. By combining the method and model papers we open for the potential to reduce toxic emissions by better managing cold-starts in hybrid vehicles, as well as reducing carbon dioxide emissions by operating the engine in a more efficient manner during transients.
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| 15542. |
- Lockett, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
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The contribution of universities to student and graduate entrepreneurs' social capital: a current fairytale?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Engage HEI Conference, University of Central Lancashire, UK, May 19-20.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper explores how universities contribute to the acquisition of social capital of their student and graduate entrepreneurs. The objective is to identify under what circumstances universities facilitate this in the context of entrepreneurial learning. The study builds on collaboration between three European universities: Chalmers University of Technology, Universidad de Malaga and University of Leeds.Entrepreneurial learning and education literature underpin this study. Stemming from this, the theoretical framework is complemented by research about the impact of social capital on entrepreneurs’ development, and its relevance to the concept of the entrepreneurial university.A qualitative methodological approach involving critical incident technique is used to map student and graduate entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial journey based on a timeline, specifying stakeholders associated with critical events (entrepreneurial activities of any kind). A visual aid technique was used throughout the interview to assist interviewees in recalling their verbal history. 24 individuals fulfilling criteria: (1) university final year students or first year after graduation; (2) have or were engaged in some entrepreneurial activity; (3) 50% completed some formal entrepreneurship education were interviewed. Nvivo was used to analyse the data through narrative analysis of the social informal learning; i.e. how interviewees learned from others what they needed to learn in order to carry out their entrepreneurial activities. Preliminary analyses of the data identified that entrepreneurship education programmes in these universities engage experienced entrepreneurs to connect students to the ‘real world’, providing them an initial network of role models, as well as skills to develop their own network. It seems that respondents’ entrepreneurial learning follows a pattern. Early stages of the entrepreneurial journey relied on informal learning. As respondents’ entrepreneurial activities expand to include a more complex structure and wider network of stakeholders, they became aware of their need of a more formal learning. To satisfy this need, respondents engaged in non-formal education programmes and, when necessary, they enrolled in formal education programmes. Nevertheless, respondents also used other informal learning sources to cover their self-perceived knowledge gaps. Consequently, this illustrates how interdisciplinarity and entrepreneurship reaches beyond business school learning.Results also suggest that the intertwining of social capital and learning in entrepreneurship occurs before university, from the very first moment that respondents engage in some type of entrepreneurial activity. However, the university is vital in facilitating integrated understanding and developed maturity to manage the complexity of formal, non-formal and informal learning. This comprehensive understanding becomes an essential part of the respondents’ entrepreneurial social capital.This paper contributes by exposing the previously missing value of social networking in entrepreneurship education at universities. At an institutional-level, it legitimises university inclusion of social networking activities into formal and non-formal entrepreneurship education, and encouragement of informal entrepreneurship learning. Moreover, at an individual-level, it motivates educators to embed these activities within the curriculum in order to facilitate entrepreneurial learning. Considering that social networking goes beyond simply building a contact list and that it is part of the social capital necessary for the entrepreneurial journey, this study exposes the previously missing value of social networking in entrepreneurial education programmes. It encourages educators to embed social networking activities into the curriculum to facilitate entrepreneurial learning. The study highlights the importance of social capital acquired at university, as part of student/graduate entrepreneurial journeys. This revitalises the role of the university as a key enabler of economic, social and cultural impact through student/graduate entrepreneurs. Thus, the fairy tale question is answered: universities contribution to student and graduate entrepreneurs’ social capital is no longer a fantasy.Future research needs to be focus on understanding the student/graduate entrepreneurial journey, considering not only entrepreneurial activities as critical incidents, but also other interactions in the entrepreneur’s life. Moreover, the inclusion of other countries and universities to identify a clearer pattern of how universities contribute to acquisition of social capital of their student and graduate entrepreneurs.
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| 15543. |
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| 15544. |
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| 15545. |
- Logg, Anders, 1976
(författare)
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An Overview of the FEniCS Project
- 2008
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Ingår i: 21st Nordic Seminar on Computational Mechanics.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15546. |
- Logg, Anders, 1976
(författare)
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Att lösa en differentialekvation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Människor och matematik. - 9789185143085 ; , s. 95-109
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15547. |
- Logg, Anders, 1976
(författare)
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Automated Solution of Differential Equations
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sixth International Congress on Industrial Applied Mathematics (ICIAM07) and GAMM Annual Meeting, Z\"urich. - 1617-7061.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15548. |
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| 15549. |
- Logg, Anders, 1976
(författare)
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Automation of Computational Mathematical Modeling
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis concerns the Automation of Computational Mathematical Modeling (CMM), involving the key steps of automation of (i) discretization, (ii) discrete solution, (iii) error control, (iv) modeling, and (v) optimization. The automation of (i)--(ii) is realized through multi-adaptive Galerkin methods on general discretizations of space-time with time steps variable in space. The automation of (iii) is realized through a posteriori error estimation based on residuals of computed solutions and stability factors or stability weights obtained by the solution of associated dual problems. The automation of (iv) is studied in a model case, while that of (v) is reduced to an application of (i)--(iv). An open-source software system for the Automation of Computational Mathematical Modeling is developed and implemented, based on general order multi-adaptive Galerkin methods, including automatic evaluation of variational forms, automatic discrete solution, automatic generation and solution of dual problems, and automatic model reduction.
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| 15550. |
- Logg, Anders, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Twin Cities: Multi-Disciplinary Modeling and High-Performance Simulation of Cities
- 2022
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Ingår i: ECCOMAS NEWSLETTER. ; June 2022, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The digital twin concept has virtually exploded in recent years, as evidenced by the exponentially growing number of scientific articles making use of the concept. The concept originates from the manufacturing industry where the use of CAD models enables the creation of exact digital replicas of components and products. The earliest use of the term dates back to 2003 and is often credited to Grieves and Vickers, but earlier references to the concept can be found; certainly, the understanding that mathematical and, more recently, digital models of physical systems are of enormous importance to both science and engineering dates back centuries. The concept has since spread from the manufacturing industry to other disciplines, such as agriculture, electricity, vessels, manufacturing, construction, cities, healthcare, aerospace, waste, water, transport, and automotive. In this short note, we present an overview of the use of digital twins in the built environment; that is, digital twins of cities and buildings. In this context, the term digital twin is closely linked to the concept of smart cities (or smart buildings). The relation between a digital city twin and a smart city is that the digital twin is the enabling technology for making a city smart. Even if a digital twin is not a sufficient condition for making a city smart, it is a necessary condition.
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