| 2241. |
- Isaksson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of species identification of endocarditis associated viridans streptococci using rnpB genotyping and 2 MALDI-TOF systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. - : Elsevier BV. - 0732-8893 .- 1879-0070. ; 81:4, s. 240-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus spp. are important causes of infective endocarditis but challenging in species identification. This study compared identification based on sequence determination of the rnpB gene with 2 systems of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI Biotyper (Bruker) and VITEK MS IVD (bioMerieux). Blood culture isolates of viridans streptococci from 63 patients with infective endocarditis were tested. The 3 methods showed full agreement for all 36 isolates identified in the Anginosus, Bovis, and Mutans groups or identified as Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, or Streptococcus sanguinis. None of the methods could reliably identify the 23 isolates to the species level when designated as Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, or Streptococcus tigurinus. In 7 isolates classified to the Mitis group, the rnpB sequences deviated strikingly from all reference sequences, and additional analysis of sodA and groEL genes indicated the occurrence of yet unidentified Streptococcus spp. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2242. |
- Isaksson, Karolin, et al.
(författare)
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A Population-Based Comparison of the AJCC 7th and AJCC 8th Editions for Patients Diagnosed with Stage III Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Sweden.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of surgical oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1534-4681 .- 1068-9265. ; 26:9, s. 2839-2845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cutaneous melanoma is steadily increasing worldwide. The new AJCC 8th edition was recently launched and introduced several changes in melanoma staging, particularly for stage III. We conducted a population-based registry study with the purpose to evaluate the impact and prognostic accuracy of the new classification in Sweden.Consecutive patients diagnosed with stage III melanoma between January 2005 and September 2017 were identified by the Swedish Melanoma Registry (SMR) and included for analyses. Patients with multiple primary melanomas were excluded. Patients were classified according to the AJCC 7th as well as the 8th edition. Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was retrieved from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry.A total of 2067 eligible patients were identified from the SMR; 1150 patients (57%) changed stage III subgroup when reclassified according to the AJCC 8th edition. The median 5- and 10-year MSS for the whole cohort of stage III melanoma patients was 59% and 51% respectively. The MSS for substage IIIA, B, and C were all improved when patients were reclassified by using to the AJCC 8th edition. The newly defined substage IIID had the worst prognosis with a 10-year MSS of 16%.A high proportion of patients diagnosed with stage III melanoma in Sweden between 2005 and 2017 was restaged to another subgroup, when they were reclassified according to the AJCC 8th of staging manual. We established an improved MSS for all substages compared with the former AJCC 7th edition. This may have implications on decisions about adjuvant treatment.
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| 2243. |
- Isinger, M., et al.
(författare)
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Photoionization in the time and frequency domain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 358:6365, s. 893-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrafast processes in matter, such as the electron emission following light absorption, can now be studied using ultrashort light pulses of attosecond duration (10−18 s) in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The lack of spectral resolution due to the use of short light pulses has raised issues in the interpretation of the experimental results and the comparison with theoretical calculations. We determine photoionization time delays in neon atoms over a 40 eV energy range with an interferometric technique combining high temporal and spectral resolution. We spectrally disentangle direct ionization from ionization with shake-up, in which a second electron is left in an excited state, and obtain excellent agreement with theoretical calculations, thereby solving a puzzle raised by 7-year-old measurements.
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| 2244. |
- Jacobsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Sociodemographic and disease-related factors are associated with patient-reported anxiety and depression in spondyloarthritis patients in the Swedish SpAScania cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical Rheumatology. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0770-3198 .- 1434-9949. ; 33:11, s. 1649-1656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety and depression are common among patients with rheumatic diseases. This study aims to explore which factors are associated with self-reported anxiety and depression in a well-defined cohort of spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. In 2009, 3,711 patients from the SpAScania cohort were sent a postal questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical and mental functioning. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale measured anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D), subscales 0-21, best-worst. HADS a parts per thousand yen8 indicates possible cases of anxiety or depression. One-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) tested for differences among the SpA subtypes in HADS scores. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and disease duration was used to test for associations between HADS and independent variables. In total, 2,167 (58 %) patients (52 % females, mean age 55.4 years) returned the questionnaire. In total, 683 (32 %) cases were classified as "possible anxiety" and 305 (14 %) as "possible depression" cases with mean (SD) HADS-A 5.9 (4.3) and HADS-D 4.4 (3.6). There were no differences among the SpA subtypes in HADS-A and HADS-D. HADS-A and HADS-D were associated with lower education, lower physical activity (HADS-D only), chronic pain problems, more fatigue, lower general health, lower HRQoL, lower level of functioning, higher disease activity, and lower self-efficacy. Associations with anxiety and/or depression appear multifactorial in patients with SpA including both personal and disease-related factors. Since these comorbidities are increased in SpA and treatable, they should be screened for in clinical practice, possibly with instruments like the HADS.
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| 2245. |
- Jahnke, T., et al.
(författare)
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Inner-Shell-Ionization-Induced Femtosecond Structural Dynamics of Water Molecules Imaged at an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review X. - : American Physical Society. - 2160-3308. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultrafast structural dynamics of water following inner-shell ionization is a crucial issue in high-energy radiation chemistry. We have exposed isolated water molecules to a short x-ray pulse from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we can image dissociation dynamics of individual molecules in unprecedented detail. We reveal significant molecular structural dynamics in H2O2+, such as asymmetric deformation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. We thus reconstruct several snapshots of structural dynamics at different time intervals, which highlight dynamical patterns that are relevant as initiating steps of subsequent radiation-damage processes.
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| 2246. |
- Janelidze, Shorena, et al.
(författare)
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Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is associated with dementia and diabetes but not amyloid pathology or APOE genotype
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 51, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction might be an important component of many neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated its role in dementia using large clinical cohorts. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin ratio (Qalb), an indicator of BBB (and blood-CSF barrier) permeability, was measured in a total of 1015 individuals. The ratio was increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia compared with controls. However, this measure was not changed during preclinical or prodromal Alzheimer's disease and was not associated with amyloid positron emission tomography or APOE genotype. The Qalb was increased in diabetes mellitus and correlated positively with CSF bio-markers of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). In healthy elderly, high body mass index and waist-hip ratio predicted increased Qalb 20 years later. In summary, BBB permeability is increased in major dementia disorders but does not relate to amyloid pathology or APOE genotype. Instead, BBB impairment may be associated with diabetes and brain microvascular damage. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 2247. |
- Jawad, Monir, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to surgery is associated with better long-term outcomes in patients admitted to Swedish intensive care units
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1154-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long-term outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after surgery are unknown. We investigated the long-term effects of surgical exposure prior to ICU admission. Methods Registry-based cohort study. The adjusted effect of surgical exposure for mortality was examined using Cox regression. Secondary analysis with conditional logistic regression in a case-control subpopulation matched for age, gender, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) was also conducted. Results 72 242 adult patients (56.9% males, median age 66 years [IQR 50-76]), admitted to Swedish ICUs in 3-year (2012-2014) were followed for a median of 2026 days (IQR 1745-2293). Cardiovascular diseases (17.5%), respiratory diseases (15.8%), trauma (11.2%), and infections (11.4%) were the leading causes for ICU admission. Mortality at longest follow-up was 49.4%. Age; SAPS3; admissions due to malignancies, respiratory, cardiovascular and renal diseases; and transfer to another ICU were associated with increased mortality. Surgical exposure prior to ICU admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.87-0.94; P < .001), admissions from the operation theatre (aHR 0.94; CI 0.90-0.99; P = .022) or post-anaesthesia care unit (aHR 0.92; CI 0.87-0.97; P = .003) were associated with decreased mortality. Conditional logistic regression confirmed the association between surgical exposure and decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.82; CI 0.75-0.91; P < .001). Conclusions Long-term ICU mortality was associated with known risk factors such as age and SAPS3. Transfer to other ICUs also appeared to be a risk factor and requires further investigation. Prior surgical exposure was associated with better outcomes, a noteworthy observation given limited ICU admissions after surgery in Sweden.
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| 2248. |
- Jederström, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-sectional study of anxiety and depression caseness in female competitive figure skaters in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open sport & exercise medicine. - : BMJ. - 2055-7647. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesLittle is known about figure skaters' mental health. This study aimed to describe anxiety and depression caseness (defined as a screening condition qualifying for psychiatric examination) in competitive figure skaters and analyse factors associated with such caseness.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in April 2019 among all competitive figure skaters in the south-eastern region of Sweden (N=400). The primary outcomes were anxiety caseness, measured using the short-form Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depression caseness, measured using the WHO-5 index. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine the association between anxiety caseness and explanatory factors.ResultsIn total, 36% (n=142) of the invited skaters participated. Only females (n=137), mean age 12.9 (SD 3.0) years) were selected for analysis. Of the participating skaters, 47% displayed anxiety caseness and 10% depression caseness. Overweight body image perception (OR 5.9; 95% CI 2.0 to 17.6; p=0.001) and older age (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4; p=0.005) were associated with anxiety caseness. Skaters reporting no caseness were younger than those reporting only anxiety caseness (mean age difference -1.9 years; 95% CI -3.1 to -0.7; p=0.001) or anxiety and depression caseness (OR -3.5 years; 95% CI -5.6 to -1.5 years; p<0.001).ConclusionAnxiety caseness was associated with overweight body image perception and older age in female competitive figure skaters. Older skaters reported generally worse mental health. More research on the mental health of figure skaters is warranted, considering comorbidity and focusing on those needing further assessment and support.
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| 2249. |
- Jederström, Moa, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Sports Injury in Young Female Swedish Competitive Figure Skaters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9367. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Although figure skating attracts several hundred thousand participants worldwide, there is little knowledge about physical health and sports injuries among young skaters. The present study aimed to describe the health status of a geographically defined Swedish population of licensed competitive figure skaters and to examine injury determinants. Methods: All licensed competitive skaters in the southeastern region of Sweden were in April 2019 invited to participate in a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. Multiple binary logistic regression was used for the examination of injury determinants. The primary outcome measure was the 1-year prevalence of a severe sports injury episode (time loss >21 days). The secondary outcome measure was the point prevalence of an ongoing injury. The determinants analyzed were age, skating level, relative energy deficiency indicators, and training habits. Results: In total, 142 (36%) skaters participated, 137 (96%) girls [mean (SD) age: 12.9 (SD 3.0) years]. Participating boys (n = 5) were excluded from further analysis. The 1-year prevalence of a severe sports injury episode was 31%. The most common injury locations for these injuries were the knee (25%), ankle (20%), and hip/groin (15%). In the multiple model, having sustained a severe injury episode was associated with older age (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4; p = 0.002) and an increased number of skipped meals per week (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.3; p = 0.014). The point prevalence of an ongoing injury episode was 19%. The most common locations were the knee (24%), ankle (24%), and foot (24%). Having an ongoing injury episode was associated with older age (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.7; p < 0.001) and an increased number of skipped meals per week (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.3; p = 0.049). Conclusion: One-third of young female Swedish competitive figure skaters had sustained a severe injury episode during the past year, and a fifth reported an ongoing episode. Older age and an increased number of skipped meals per week were associated with a sports injury episode. Long-term monotonous physical loads with increasing intensity and insufficient energy intake appear to predispose for injury in young female figure skaters. Further examination of injury determinants among competitive figure skaters is highly warranted. Copyright © 2021 Jederström, Agnafors, Ekegren, Fagher, Gauffin, Korhonen, Park, Spreco and Timpka.
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| 2250. |
- Jildenstål, Pether, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral autoregulation in infants during sevoflurane anesthesia for craniofacial surgery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pediatric Anesthesia. - : Wiley. - 1155-5645 .- 1460-9592. ; 31:5, s. 563-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data on cerebral pressure-flow autoregulation in the youngest children are scarce. We studied the correlation between mean arterial pressure and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients undergoing nose, lip, and palate surgery. Aim: We tested the hypothesis that cerebral pressure-flow autoregulation is impaired in children less than 1 year undergoing surgery and general anesthesia with sevoflurane under controlled mechanical ventilation. Method: After approval from the Ethical board, 15 children aged <1 year were included. Before anesthesia induction, a NIRS sensor (INVOS (TM), Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) was placed over the cerebral frontal lobe. Frontal rSO(2), a surrogate for cerebral perfusion, mean arterial pressure, end-tidal CO2- and sevoflurane concentration, and arterial oxygen saturation were sampled every minute after the induction. A repeated measures correlation analysis was performed to study correlation between mean arterial pressure and cerebral rSO(2), and the repeated measures correlation coefficient (r(rm)) was calculated. Results: Fifteen patients, aged 7.7 +/- 1.9 months, were studied. rSO(2) showed a positive correlation with mean arterial pressure ([95% CI: 9.0-12.1], P < 0.001) with a moderate to large effect size (r(rm) = 0.462), indicating an impaired cerebral pressure-flow autoregulation. The slopes of the rSO(2)-mean arterial pressure correlations were steeper in patients who were hypotensive (mean arterial pressure <50 mm Hg) compared to patients having a mean arterial pressure >= 50 mm Hg, indicating that at lower mean arterial pressure, the cerebral pressure dependence of cerebral oxygenation is even more pronounced. Conclusion: During sevoflurane anesthesia in the youngest pediatric patients, cerebral perfusion is pressure-dependent, suggesting that the efficiency of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation is limited.
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