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- Berlin, Johan, 1975-
(author)
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Synchronous work - myth or reality? : a critical study of teams in health and medical care
- 2010
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In: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - London : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:6, s. 1314-1321
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives In this article, ideal conceptions about teamwork are tested. The research question posed is: How are teams in psychiatry formed? Three theoretical concepts that distinguish groups from teams are presented: sequentiality, parallelism and synchronicity. The presumption is that groups cooperate sequentially and teams synchronously, while the parallel work mode is a transitional form between group and team. Methods Three psychiatric outpatient teams at a university hospital specialist clinic were studied. Data were collected through 25 personal interviews and 82 hours of observations. The data collection was carried out over 18 months (2008–2009). Results Results show: (1) that the three theoretical distinctions between group and team need to be supplemented with two intermediate forms, semiparallel and semisynchronous teamwork; and (2) that teamwork is not characterized by striving towards a synchronous ideal but instead is marked by an adaptive interaction between sequential, parallel and synchronous working modes. Conclusions The article points to a new intermediate stage between group and team. This intermediate stage is called semiparallel teamwork. The study shows that practical teamwork is not characterized by a synchronous ideal, but rather is about how to adaptively find acceptable solutions to a series of practical problems. The study emphasizes the importance of the team varying between different working modes, so-called semisystematics.
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| 2. |
- Cardell, David
(author)
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Underhållningsidrott som upplevelseindustri : Review of Hans Lundberg (2009) Kommunikativt entreprenörskap [diss.]
- 2010
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In: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - 1652-7224.
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Review (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvecklingen av idrotten – ursprungligen den obefläckade kampen mellan vackra nakna grekiska ynglingar, överflyttad till engelska public school-gräsmattor med på- och välklädda, och inte alltid så vackra överklassynglingar, i något skede som folklig kultur med brödrafolksambitioner, till dagens underhållningsidrott med ekonomiska snarare än ädla motiv – har beskrivits i många texter av skilda slag, inklusive avhandlingar. Det har stundtals klagats på en alltför deterministisk hållning inför utvecklingen, som vore den obehindrad, okontrollerbar, oförklarlig – och värst av allt, inte i behov av förklaring. Inte sällan tar studier avstamp i fait accompli som utvecklingens krona, snapshots från en ny tid. Men även i snävt avgränsade tidsrymder kan skeenden fångas, vilket Hans Lundberg, gammal forumrecensent och nybliven ekonomie doktor visar i sin avhandling Kommunikativt entreprenörskap: Underhållningsidrott som totalupplevelse före, under och efter formeringen av den svenska upplevelseindustrin 1999–2008 (Växjö University Press). Vi bad en annan forumrecensent, tillika nybliven idrottsvetenskaplig licentiat, David Cardell om en recension av Lundbergs idé- och empiritäta bok. Sin recension, som på ett närmast impressionistiskt sätt fångar avhandlingen essenser i smått och stort, avslutar Cardell med reflektionen att textens ställvisa svårgenomtränglighet till trots är Lundbergs dióktorsopus läsvärt för alla som uppmärksammat och häpnat inför idrottens senmoderna utveckling, och kanske än mer angelägen för den som inte ens noterat denna utveckling.
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| 4. |
- Forslund, Johanna, et al.
(author)
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Does remediation save lives? - on the cost of cleaning up arsenic-contaminated sites in Sweden.
- 2010
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In: The Science of the total environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 408:16, s. 3085-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has only just begun remediation of its many contaminated sites, a process that will cost an estimated SEK 60,000 million (USD 9100 million). Although the risk assessment method, carried out by the Swedish EPA, is driven by health effects, it does not consider actual exposure. Instead, the sites are assessed based on divergence from guideline values. This paper uses an environmental medicine approach that takes exposure into account to analyse how cancer risks on and near arsenic-contaminated sites are implicitly valued in the remediation process. The results show that the level of ambition is high. At 23 contaminated sites, the cost per life saved varies from SEK 287 million to SEK 1,835,000 million, despite conservative calculations that in fact probably underestimate the costs. It is concluded that if environmental health risks are to be reduced, there are probably other areas where economic resources can be used more cost-effectively.
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| 5. |
- Hasson, Henna, et al.
(author)
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A comparative study of nursing staff, care recipients' and their relatives' perceptions of quality of older people care
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 5:1, s. 5-15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Comparisons of different stakeholders’ ratings of the quality of older people care can help to drive quality improvement. Aim. The aim was to compare staff, older care recipients’ and their relatives’ quality of care ratings. Design. Cross-sectional questionnaire surveys in 2003 and 2004, using a repeated measures design on an organizational level. Methods. Nursing staff, care recipients and relatives in two older people care organizations were included. The ratings of an overall quality grade, information, activities, general care and staff skills were compared between the respondent groups. Results. Care recipients in both organizations rated the overall quality grade significantly higher than nursing staff and relatives. Staff ratings of the information given to care recipients were significantly more positive than care recipients’ and relatives’ ratings. All three groups gave lowest ratings to the quality of activities offered to care recipients, with lowest ratings from nursing staff. Conclusions. Concurrent measurements of staff, care recipients and relatives’ care quality perceptions can provide a broad evaluation of an organization’s strength and limitations. Relevance to clinical practice. Staff, care recipients’ and relatives’ perceptions can be useful for older people care organizations and decision makers in developing care processes and outcomes of care.
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| 7. |
- Granlund, David, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Inequality in mortality in Vietnam during a period of rapid transition
- 2010
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In: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 70:2, s. 232-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The associations between socioeconomic variables and mortality for 41,000 adults Vietnamese followed from January 1999 to March 2008 are estimated using Cox's proportionally hazard models. Also, we use decomposition techniques to investigate the relative importance of socioeconomic factors for explaining inequality in age-standardized mortality risk. The results confirm previously found negative association between mortality and income and education, for both men and women. We also found that marital status, at least for men, explain a large and growing part of the inequality. Finally, estimation results for relative education variables suggest that there exist positive spillover of education, meaning that that higher education of one's neighbors or spouse might reduce ones mortality risk.
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| 9. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar, et al.
(author)
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Antimicrobial sensitivity-A natural resource to be protected by a Pigouvian tax?
- 2010
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In: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 96:1-2, s. 41535-41535
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Since their discovery more than 70 years ago antibiotic drugs have been efficient tools for treating bacterial infections, and their use has reduced the number of fatalities and the suffering from bacterial diseases. However, the use of antibiotics may lead to resistance to the same or other antibiotics. The risk of resistance appears to be larger in veterinary medicine, since antibiotics have been given as feed-additives in animal production, the amounts given are larger, and the risk of selecting the wrong antibiotic is higher due to lack of diagnostic facilities. Historically, as resistance developed, new classes of antibiotics were developed, but today however, the flow of new substances has slowed. The resistance that arises from antibiotic use is a negative externality or a cost that is not included in the price of antibiotics since it affects the public good of antibiotic sensitivity. The negative externality implies that antibiotic consumption becomes too high. Antibiotic use can be restricted by e.g., prohibiting the use in animal feeding stuffs, prescription only use, or banning the use for animals or by using economic incentives, but restrictions on antibiotic use could have negative effects on the development of new antimicrobials since restrictions might reduce the profitability of such efforts to the pharmaceutical industry. It is therefore of interest to see what economic theory can contribute towards a solution. The objective of this study is to examine if a Pigouvian tax is an option for balancing the externalities and incentives for veterinary drug use. However, as a practical solution, it is suggested to use the costs of developing new antibiotics for determining the tax. The magnitude the tax based on European Union numbers ranges between 29 and 287(sic) per kilogram active substance or between 9 and 86% of the average price of commonly used antibiotics depending on the foreseen period in years (1-10 years) between the development of a new antibiotic drug. Hence, the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics should be managed as a finite natural resource. A tax based on the expected costs of development new antibiotic substances may offer a practical option for balancing the incentives and externalities of antibiotic use and development. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Mellin, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Health effects of transport emissions : a review of the state of the art of methods and data used for external costs calculations
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose is to provide a background for a discussion concerning the methods and values used in cost-benefit analysis in Sweden for air pollutions', from traffic, impact on human health and the research needs in this area. We provide an overview of the current state of the art of models used for and input needed for external cost calculations of the health impacts. The calculations are not straightforward and depend on the collaboration between several research disciplines. In the ExternE projects, which have been used as a reference point in this study, there are still uncertainties concerning which pollutants to take into consideration. Regarding the health impacts, we have recapitulated some of the main conclusions in a review by the American Heart Association (2010). They state that e.g. the following issues need further research: the importance of ultrafine particles, what constituent parts make traffic related air pollution more harmful than PM2.5 in general and the importance of coarse particles.
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