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- Elofsson, Katarina
(författare)
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The Costs of Meeting the Environmental Objectives for the Baltic Sea: A Review of the Literature
- 2010
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 39, s. 49-58
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental targets of the recently agreed Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets are likely associated with a considerable cost, which motivates a search for low-cost policies. The following review shows there is a substantial literature on cost-efficient nutrient reduction strategies, including suggestions regarding low-cost abatement, but actual policies at international and national scale tend to be considerably more expensive due to lack of instruments that ensure a cost-efficient allocation of abatement across countries and sectors. Economic research on the costs of reducing hazardous substances and oil spill damages in the Baltic Sea is not available, but lessons from the international literature suggest that resources could be used more efficiently if appropriate analysis is undertaken. Common to these pollution problems is the need to ensure that all countries in the region are provided with positive incentives to implement international agreements.
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| 3. |
- Ericsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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E&MJ's annual survey of global mining investment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Engineering and mining journal. - 0095-8948. ; 211:1, s. 24-28
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- E & MJ has conducted an annual survey of global mining investment and reported that less than 100 new mining investments projects, with a total projected cost of just $32 billion, were added to RMG's project database in 2009. The report states that strong demand for metals and high prices for gold, copper and iron ore will lead to significant project investment toward the end of 2010. It reveals that total funding in the global mining industry's project pipeline, according to RMG's database, was $465 billion at the end of 2009. The investment value of projects under construction increased in 2009 to $50 billion, compared with $37 billion in 2008. The report states that among the new projects listed by RMG during 2009, gold accounts for more than 28% of the value of all new projects, uranium accounts for 5% and nickel represents 3% of the total investment for new projects.
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| 4. |
- Soultanaeva, Albina, 1980-
(författare)
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Financial intermediation and economic growth : evidence from the Baltic countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Umeå economic studies. - Umeå : Department of Economics, Umeå University. - 0348-1018. ; :817
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The hypothesis that financial development promotes economic growth is largely supported by empirical studies. This hypothesis is tested for the three Baltic countries using a time series approach that allows for interactions between the three countries. We find that economic growth is a positive function of financial development, proxied by banking credit available to private sector, in the long run. The results also show that there are long run interactions between the three Baltic countries.
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| 5. |
- Pacini, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
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Tailor-made solutions : Small-scale biofuels and trade
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bridges Trade BioRes Review. - Switzerland : ICTSD. - 1996-9198. ; 4:4, s. 10-11
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Forskningsöversikt (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In current debates on biofuels trade, the focus tends to be on large-scale production. However, the production of small-scale biofuels is better suited for many smaller developing and least-developed countries. Small-scale biofuels can bring many social and environmental benefits at the local level and, cumulatively, their production and utilisation can bring significant trade benefits.
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| 6. |
- Davidsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Small Firm Growth
- 2010
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Ingår i: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship. - : Now Publishers Inc.. - 1551-3114 .- 1551-3122. ; 6:2, s. 69-166
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review and discuss the literature on small firm growth with an intention to provide a useful vantage point for new research studies regarding this important phenomenon. We first discuss conceptual and methodological issues that represent critical choices for those who research growth and which make it challenging to compare results from previous studies. The substantial review of past research is organized into four sections representing two smaller and two larger literatures. The first of the latter focuses on internal and external drivers of small firm growth. Here we find that much has been learnt and that many valuable generalizations can be made. However, we also conclude that more research of the same kind is unlikely to yield much. While interactive and non-linear effects may be worth pursuing it is unlikely that any new and important growth drivers or strong, linear main effects would be found. The second "large" literature deals with organizational life-cycles or stages of development. While deservedly criticized for unwarranted determinism and weak empirics this type of approach addresses problems of high practical and also theoretical relevance, and should not be shunned by researchers. We argue that with a change in the fundamental assumptions and improved empirical design, research on the organizational and managerial consequences of growth is an important line of inquiry. With this, we overlap with one of the "smaller" literatures, namely studies focusing on the effects of growth. We argue that studies too often assume that growth equals success. We advocate instead the use of growth as an intermediary variable that influences more fundamental goals in ways that should be carefully examined rather than assumed. The second "small" literature distinguishes between different modes or forms of growth, including, e.g., organic vs. acquisition-based growth, and international expansion. We note that modes of growth is an important topic that has been under studied in the growth literature, whereas in other branches of research aspects of it may have been studied intensely, but not primarily from a growth perspective. In the final section we elaborate on ways forward for research on small firm growth. We point at rich opportunities for researchers who look beyond drivers of growth, where growth is viewed as a homogenous phenomenon assumed to unambiguously reflect success, and instead focus on growth as a process and a multi-dimensional phenomenon, as well as on how growth relates to more fundamental outcomes.
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| 8. |
- Franzén, Bo, 1954-
(författare)
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SVENSKT JÄRN OCH DEN FEODALA RÖRELSEN CIRKA 1000-1500 : Ett ekonomismiskt perspektiv på svensk medeltid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Med hammare och fackla. - 0543-2162. ; XLI, s. 41-62
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka möjligheterna att rekonstruera de ekonomiska förutsättningarna kring den avancerade järnproduktionen under svensk högmedeltid cirka 1150-1350. Den klassiska ekonomisk-historiska forskningens insikter i den primitiva handelns karaktäristika (Eli Heckscher) utgör en startpunkt, medan ett modernt komplement till detta klassiska synsätt utgörs av den så kallade institutionella ekonomiska ansatsen (Douglass North). Det senare sätter i fokus de regelverk som underlättar respektive motverkar det fria bytet nyttigheter människor emellan, med andra ord marknader. Även det medeltida svenska källmaterialet tas upp till behandling, inklusive tidigare forskningsrön kring svenskt järn och dess finansiering, det vill säga de äldsta spåren av det historiskt ryktbara förlagssystemet. Mest rör dessa senmedeltiden (1350-1527), men lagar och stadgor 1220-1360 föreslås kunna utgöra objekt för en framtida fördjupande studie av den ekonomiska miljö av möjligheter och hinder som de första masugnarna uppstod i. Också frågan om fördelningen mellan fast och rörligt kapital tarvar att undersökas utifrån de fragment av järn- och hyttpriser som idag står oss till buds.
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