| 1. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Effective Corporate Tax Rates and the Size Distribution of Firms
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade. - : Springer. - 1566-1679 .- 1573-7012. ; 10:3-4, s. 297-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effects of effective corporate tax rates on the size distribution of firms. In modelling this relationship we account for conditional variables as well as unobservable time and industry effects. A number of hypotheses are tested concerning heterogeneity in the impact of effective corporate tax rates on the size distributions of firms with regard to firm size class, industry and time. The results are based on data covering the whole Swedish economy for the period 1973–2002. The descriptive results suggest that effective corporate tax rates differ by firm size, industry and over time. Application of t-tests demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between major size classes but not within major size classes: smaller firms report a higher effective corporate tax rate than larger firms. The t-tests also demonstrate inequality in mean and variance of effective corporate tax rates between industrial sectors: service sector reports a higher effective corporate tax rate than production sector. The regressions show effective corporate tax rates to have: a negative effect on the size distribution of large firms, negative effect on transportation, financing and service sector and a positive effect on manufacturing, electricity and on production sector. We conclude that effective corporate tax rates affect the size distribution of firms as well as the composition of industries.
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| 2. |
- Kim, T. -Y, et al.
(författare)
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Decelerating agricultural society : Theoretical and historical perspectives
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 77:3, s. 479-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, societies are divided into agricultural and industrial types. This study presents theoretical and historical perspectives on decelerating agricultural societies. Agricultural demand and supply play major roles in society development. Three descriptions of an agricultural society and theories of its deceleration patterns are presented: the neo-classical production function, stage theory, and induced innovation. Two important cases of decelerating agricultural societies and their ultimate replacement by industrial societies, medieval Europe and nineteenth- and twentieth-century United States, are examined. The limitations of decelerating agricultural societies with a focus on structural problems, impacts of industrial structure, and problems of agriculture in market and non-market areas, are also discussed. The position of agriculture as described by economic development theory is established by analyzing the stages of economic development, the theory of structural change, and the theory of leading industry. Finally, the transition from an agricultural to a commercial society is described with a focus on the formation, development, value creation, and structural limitations of a commercial society. ©2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Oh, Dong-hyun, et al.
(författare)
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A sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index : Environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering the progressive nature of technology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-9883 .- 1873-6181. ; 32:6, s. 1345-1355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes an index for measuring environmentally sensitive productivity growth which appropriately considers the nature of technical change. The rationale of this methodology is to exclude a spurious technical regress from the macroeconomic perspective. In order to incorporate this in developing the index, a directional distance function and the concept of the successive sequential production possibility set are combined. With this combination, the conventional Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is modified to give the sequential Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index. This index is employed in measuring environmentally sensitive productivity growth and its decomposed components of 26 OECD countries for the period 1970-2003. We distinguish two main empirical findings. First, even though the components of the conventional Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index and the proposed index are different, the trends of rates of average productivity growth are similar. Second, unlike in previous studies, the efficiency change is the main contributor to the earlier study period, whereas the effect of technical change has prevailed over time.
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| 4. |
- Bhandari, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1054-8408 .- 1540-7306. ; 27:6, s. 612-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature-based tourism is the fastest growing tourism in many parts of the world. The attitude toward conservation of nature is measured by individuals’ willingness to pay. This study has made an attempt to investigate the determinants of tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation. The determinants include a combination of socio-economic and site-specific characteristics of tourists. The study was conducted in Sikkim, which is India’s prime nature-based tourism destination. Results show WTP, and effects of education, and income of tourists. Among site-specific characteristics, length of stay and number of spots are the significant determinants ofWTP. This empirical research is a valuable input to identify market segment among tourists, which might help to generate more revenues for biodiversity conservation in Sikkim. ©Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of ICT to the economic growth of China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Business, finance and economics of China. - Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781607412991 ; , s. 67-91
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The view of the systematic irrationality of investors and investment managers in reference to investment in information and communication technology (ICT) despite ICT’s apparent lack of effect on productivity growth is called the productivity paradox. Research suggests that ICT investment return is significant and positive in developed nations but not in developing nations. This chapter challenges the above conclusion by examining the contribution of ICT to the economic growth of China. We investigate the relationship between total factor productivity (HP) growth and ICT capital and provide estimation of the returns on ICT investment. The contribution of ICT to economic growth has not yet been studied for developing countries like China. The empirical results suggest that China has reaped the benefits of ICT investment. The policy implications for Chinese ICT investment and development are also discussed. The results add to our understanding of how ICT affects growth in the context of economic development.
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| 7. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship between Globalization, Economic Growth and Income Inequality
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Globalization Studies. - 2075-8103. ; 1:2, s. 87-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between globalization and income inequality by developing a new globalization index based on economic growth. In addition two other indices of globalization, non-parametric Kearney and parametric principal component analysis are used as benchmarks to compare the results. The proposed new index is decomposed into four sub-components. The index is also estimated in several forms separated by different economic growth variables and in decomposed or composite forms. The main feature of this approach is that the estimation of globalization index and the examination of its relationship with economic development are conducted in one step. All indices are compared in respect of their level, development and correlations. The empirical analysis is based on a panel data consisting of 61 developed and developing countries observed during the period 1995–2001. Regression analysis is used to estimate the effects of globalization on income inequality. To examine the sensitivity of the relationship between globalization and inequality, different inequality variables are employed. It is expected that the indices serve as useful tools in comparing the globalization process among countries and the evaluation of the globalization effect on economic development and income inequality. This study is useful in the construction of a new multidimensional index of globalization with different and estimated weights attached to the determinant factors.
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| 8. |
- Kim, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Korean IT startups’ initial public offering and their post-IPO performance
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Productivity Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-562X .- 1573-0441. ; 34:2, s. 133-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the financial crisis in Korea, by focusing on core technology, IT startups have played an important role in the recovery of Korea’s economy through innovating technologies and creating new jobs. Even though there are many startups, it is not very common to reach the point of the initial public offering (IPO) and the post-IPO performance of the firms is mostly declining. Since it is rather difficult to apply conventional performance measures to very young firms, IPO has been used as a tool for performance evaluation. This study adopts the IPO as an early-stage measure for the performance of high technology startups. It is important to find out whether an earlier IPO of firms leads to a better performance and capability of firms. We investigate the relationship between the time to IPO of firms and their post-IPO performance for 3 years after their IPO by adopting samples of 79 information technology hardware firms founded after 1996 and listed between 2000 and 2004 in the KOSDAQ. Four determinant factors, including entrepreneurs’ experience, venture capital investment, startups’ technology sourcing, and technology portfolios which determine the firm’s time lag to getting to the IPO, are identified. The findings contain several results. First, the patent has positive effects on the firms’ performance after an IPO and on the firms’ growth before the IPO. Second, a faster technology acquisition via technology alliance has a positive influence on the firms’ IPO regardless of internal technologies. Third, concentrating on core technology, instead of diversifying can mature the startup firms faster. These indicate that a startup’s efficient initial strategy is critical for its performance and it enhances the credit and confidence of the market. ©2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Oh, I., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of product efficiency in the Korean automobile market from a consumer’s perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Empirical Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-7332 .- 1435-8921. ; 38:1, s. 119-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we develop and describe a conceptual and methodological framework to measure technical and allocative efficiency at the product level considering consumer choice, which encompasses overall efficiency. Empirically, we combined data envelopment analysis and a discrete choice model in order to measure efficiency levels. The suggested framework is applied to the Korean automobile market. The relationship between the level of efficiency and market performance is discussed in terms of market share. ©Springer-Verlag 2009.
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