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| 2. |
- Sutter, Matthias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Social preferences in childhood and adolescence - A large-scale experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social preferences have been shown to be an important determinant of economic decision making for many adults. We present a large-scale experiment with 883 children and adolescents, aged eight to seventeen years. Participants make decisions in eight simple, one-shot allocation tasks, allowing us to study the distribution of social preference types across age and across gender. Our results show that when children and teenagers grow older, inequality aversion becomes a gradually less prominent motivating force of allocation decisions. At the same time, efficiency concerns increase in importance for boys, and maximin-preferences turn more important in shaping decisions of girls.
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| 3. |
- Martinsson, Peter, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Conditional Cooperation: Evidence for the Role of Self-Control
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When facing the opportunity to allocate resources between oneself and others, individuals may experience a self-control conflict between urges to act selfishly and preferences to act pro-socially. We explore the domain of conditional cooperation, and we test the hypothesis that increased expectations about others’ average contribution increases own contributions to public goods more when self-control is high than when it is low. We pair a subtle framing technique with a public goods experiment. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that conditionally cooperative behavior is stronger (i.e., less imperfect) when expectations of high contributions are accompanied by high levels of self-control.
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| 4. |
- Martinsson, Peter, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling Pro-Social vs. Selfish Behavior - Evidence for the Role of Self-Control
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We test the proposition that individuals may experience a self-control conflict between short-term temptation to be selfish and better judgment to act pro-socially. Using a dictator game and a public goods game, we manipulated the likelihood that individuals identified self-control conflict, and we measured their trait ability to implement self-control strategies. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that trait self-control exhibits a positive and significant correlation with pro-social behavior in the treatment that raises likelihood of conflict identification, but not in the treatment that reduces likelihood of conflict identification.
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| 5. |
- Akay, Alpaslan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Does relative income matter for the very poor? - Evidence from rural Ethiopia
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We studied whether relative income has an impact on subjective well-being among extremely poor people. Contrary to the findings in developed countries, we cannot reject the hypothesis that relative income has no impact on subjective well-being in rural areas of northern Ethiopia.
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| 6. |
- Alpizar, Francisco, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Are they watching you and does it matter? Evidence from a natural field experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a natural field experiment, we tested whether being alone or in a group had an effect on prosocial behavior as expressed in donations to a recreational park. We also explored whether the presence of people exogenous to the group at the time of the donation had any behavioral effect. Our first treatment aimed at identifying peer effects, whereas our second treatment was similar to being in the public eye. We found that being in a group significantly increases the share of people acting prosocially. Moreover, we found that only individuals who are part of a group are positively affected by the presence of a third party.
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| 7. |
- Alpízar, F, et al.
(författare)
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Don’t Tell Me What to Do, Tell Me Who to Follow! - Field Experiment Evidence on Voluntary Donations
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a field experiment in a protected area to explore the effects of conformity to a social reference versus a comparable, but imposed, suggested donation. As observed before, we see visitors conforming to the changing social reference. On the other hand, the treatment in which we suggested a donation resulted in lower shares of visitors donating, compared to the social reference treatment, and lower conditional donations even compared to the control. We concluded that visitors look at their peers as a reference to conform to, but partially reject being confronted with an imposed suggestion on how to behave.
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| 8. |
- Alpízar, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Paying the Price of Sweetening Your Donation - Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a natural field experiment in a recreational site, a public good almost fully dependent on voluntary donations, we explored the crowding-out effect of gift rewards. First, we investigated whether receiving a map in appreciation of a donation crowded out prosocial behavior and found no significant effect of giving the map. Second, we explored the effect of adding the map to a treatment designed to increase donations. Interestingly, when the gift was combined with our attempt to trigger reputational and self image motives, the probability of donating decreased significantly, compared to the social reference treatment alone.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Household Decision Making in Rural China: Using Experiments to Estimate the Influences of Spouses
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many economic decisions are made jointly within households. This raises the question about spouses’ relative influence on joint decisions and the determinants of relative influence. Using a controlled experiment (on inter-temporal choice), we let each spouse first make individual decisions and then make joint decisions with the other spouse. We use a random parameter probit model to measure the relative influence of spouses on joint decisions. In general, husbands have a stronger influence than wives. However, in richer households and when the wife is older than the husband, we find a significantly stronger influence of the wife on joint decisions.
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| 10. |
- Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Windfall vs. Earned Money in the Laboratory: Do They Affect the Behavior of Men and Women Differently?
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We experimentally investigate, using a dictator game, if the effects of windfall and earned endowments on behavior differ between men and women genders. In line with previous studies, we find that windfall endowments significantly increase the amount donated. The impact of moving from earned to windfall endowment on behavior is larger for females, yet the gender difference is statistically insignificant. Thus, we do not find evidence that the change in how the endowment is obtained in a laboratory experiment affects male and female behavior differently.
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