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  • Resultat 439171-439180 av 874247
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439171.
  • Lambert, Paul C., et al. (författare)
  • Temporal trends in the proportion cured for cancer of the colon and rectum : a population-based study using data from the Finnish Cancer Registry
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 121:9, s. 2052-2059
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cancer in Europe. Cumulative relative survival curves for both cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum generally plateau after approximately 6-8 years. When this occurs, "population" or "statistical" cure is reached. We analyzed data from the Finnish Cancer Registry over a 50-year period using methods that simultaneously estimate the proportion of patients cured of disease (the cure fraction) and the survival time distribution of the "uncured" group. Our primary aim was to investigate temporal trends in the cure fraction and median survival of the uncured by age group for both cancer of the colon and rectum. For both cancers, the cure fraction has increased dramatically over time for all age groups. However, the difference in the cure fraction between age groups has reduced over time, particularly for cancer of the colon. Median survival in the uncured has also increased over time in all age groups but there still remains an inverse relationship between age and median survival, with shorter median survival with increasing age. The reasons for these impressive increases in patient survival are complex, but are highly likely to be strongly related to many improvements in cancer care over this same time period.
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439172.
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439173.
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439174.
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439175.
  • Lambert, PC, et al. (författare)
  • Estimating the cure fraction in population-based cancer studies by using finite mixture models
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9254 .- 1467-9876. ; 59, s. 35-55
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The cure fraction (the proportion of patients who are cured of disease) is of interest to both patients and clinicians and is a useful measure to monitor trends in survival of curable disease. The paper extends the non-mixture and mixture cure fraction models to estimate the proportion cured of disease in population-based cancer studies by incorporating a finite mixture of two Weibull distributions to provide more flexibility in the shape of the estimated relative survival or excess mortality functions. The methods are illustrated by using public use data from England and Wales on survival following diagnosis of cancer of the colon where interest lies in differences between age and deprivation groups. We show that the finite mixture approach leads to improved model fit and estimates of the cure fraction that are closer to the empirical estimates. This is particularly so in the oldest age group where the cure fraction is notably lower. The cure fraction is broadly similar in each deprivation group, but the median survival of the ‘uncured’ is lower in the more deprived groups. The finite mixture approach overcomes some of the limitations of the more simplistic cure models and has the potential to model the complex excess hazard functions that are seen in real data.
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439176.
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439177.
  • Lambert, Poppy J., et al. (författare)
  • The measure of spatial position within groups that best predicts predation risk depends on group movement
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 1471-2954 .- 0962-8452. ; 288:1958, s. 20211286-20211286
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Both empirical and theoretical studies show that an individual's spatial position within a group can impact the risk of being targeted by predators. Spatial positions can be quantified in numerous ways, but there are no direct comparisons of different spatial measures in predicting the risk of being targeted by real predators. Here, we assess these spatial measures in groups of stationary and moving virtual prey being attacked by three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). In stationary groups, the limited domain of danger best predicted the likelihood of attack. In moving groups, the number of near neighbours was the best predictor but only over a limited range of distances within which other prey were counted. Otherwise, measures of proximity to the group's edge outperformed measures of local crowding in moving groups. There was no evidence that predators preferentially attacked the front or back of the moving groups. Domains of danger without any limit, as originally used in the selfish herd model, were also a poor predictor of risk. These findings reveal that the collective properties of prey can influence how spatial position affects predation risk, via effects on predators' targeting. Selection may therefore act differently on prey positioning behaviour depending on group movement.
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439178.
  • Lambert, Paul S., et al. (författare)
  • Using occupation-based social classifications
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Work, Employment and Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0950-0170 .- 1469-8722. ; 28:3, s. 481-494
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Occupation-based social classifications are important social indicators, but are easily misunderstood. Using survey data from the UK and Sweden, we summarize the empirical relations between a number of alternative occupation-based social classifications. Results indicate similarity between most measures, though there are often quite considerable differences in the properties of related classifications according to the level of detail at which they have been operationalized (such as the number of categories). While these findings may seem unsurprising, they are in conflict with canonical theoretical interpretations attributed to occupation-based measures, where the level of detail is often overlooked, whereas the concepts associated with different measures are emphasized.
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439179.
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439180.
  • Lambert, Quentin, et al. (författare)
  • Business models for an aggregator
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Information Management & Computer Security. - 0968-5227 .- 1758-5805.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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