| 41. |
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| 44. |
- Safon, Cara, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of perceived insufficient milk among new mothers in León, Nicaragua
- 2016
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Ingår i: Maternal and Child Nutrition. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1740-8695 .- 1740-8709. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breastfeeding has been shown to improve maternal and child health. In Nicaragua, the primary risk of death and disability-adjusted life years among children under 5 years of age is suboptimal breastfeeding. Although the Nicaraguan Ministry of Health promotes exclusive breastfeeding from within the first half hour through the first 6 months of life, less than a third of children in the country under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. As part of a larger, mixed-methods study, 21 semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with new mothers recruited from three primary health centers between June and August 2015 in order to identify the social, cultural, and structural factors that contribute to infant feeding practices and the discrepancy between recommendations and practices among mothers who delivered at an urban public hospital in León, Nicaragua. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, and interview transcripts were coded and analyzed by a three-member team using a grounded theory approach. Findings highlight a widespread perception of insufficient milk among mothers that influenced early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and other infant feeding practices. This perception stemmed from anxiety about meeting infant nutritional needs and infant satiety, anxiety about maternal nutrition, advice from and role modeling of family members about mixed feeding, and perceived infant feeding norms. Results suggest that support modeled after the 10 steps of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative as well as strengthened policy-level support are needed. Community interventions that address cultural and structural barriers to improve breastfeedingpractices may also help to increase breastfeeding rates
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| 45. |
- Salazar, Mariano, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Questions about intimate partner violence should be part of contraceptive counselling : findings from a community-based longitudinal study in Nicaragua
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of family planning and reproductive health care. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1471-1893 .- 2045-2098. ; 38:4, s. 221-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and methodology: The study aim was to examine whether exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with reversible contraceptive use in ever-pregnant partnered women. The authors conducted a longitudinal panel study in León municipality, Nicaragua. At baseline (2002–2003), 478 pregnant women were interviewed and 398 were available for questioning about contraceptive use 40–47 months after childbirth. IPV was assessed at baseline and follow-up, with women classified as never abused, ending abuse, continued abuse or new abuse. Reversible contraceptive use was defined as women using any form of contraception apart from sterilisation. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) were used to assess the association between reversible contraceptive use, IPV patterns and IPV exposures at follow-up.Results: Eighty percent of the women were not pregnant and with a partner at follow-up. Half were using reversible contraceptives and 28% were sterilised. Women exposed to a continued abuse pattern (AOR 2.50, 95% CI 11.04–5.99), and those exposed to emotional (AOR 2.80, 95% CI 1.32–5.95), physical (AOR 3.60, 95% CI 1.15–11.10) or any IPV at follow-up (AOR 2.59, 95% CI 1.24–5.40) had higher odds of reversible contraceptive use than those not exposed, even after adjusting for demographic factors. No significant differences in the type of reversible contraceptive used were found between women exposed or not to IPV.Discussion and conclusions: IPV exposure was associated with more reversible contraceptive use. Abuse inquiring at health facilities providing contraceptives should be implemented to identify women exposed to IPV and provide adequate support.
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| 46. |
- Elming, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Results of magnetotelluric and gravimetric measurements in western Nicaragua, central America
- 1997
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Ingår i: GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL. - : BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD. - 0956-540X. ; 128:3, s. 647-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnetotelluric and gravity data have been collected within a ca. 170 km long traverse running from the Pacific coast of Nicaragua in the west to the Nicaraguan Highland in the east. This part of Nicaragua is characterized by sedimentary rocks of the Paci
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| 47. |
- Perez, Wilton, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Progress towards millennium development goal 1 in northern rural Nicaragua : Findings from a health and demographic surveillance site
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-9276. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Millennium Development Goal 1 encourages local initiatives for the eradication of extreme poverty. However, monitoring is indispensable to insure that actions performed at higher policy levels attain success. Poverty in rural areas in low- and middle-income countries remains chronic. Nevertheless, a rural area (Cuatro Santos) in northern Nicaragua has made substantial progress toward poverty eradication by 2015. We examined the level of poverty there and described interventions aimed at reducing it.METHODS:Household data collected from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System was used to analyze poverty and the transition out of it, as well as background information on family members. In the follow-up, information about specific interventions (i.e., installation of piped drinking water, latrines, access to microcredit, home gardening, and technical education) linked them to the demographic data. A propensity score was used to measure the association between the interventions and the resulting transition from poverty.RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2009, poverty was reduced as a number of interventions increased. Although microcredit was inequitably distributed across the population, combined with home gardening and technical training, it resulted in significant poverty reduction in this rural area.CONCLUSIONS:Sustainable interventions reduced poverty in the rural areas studied by about one- third.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Erikson, R, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal conditions for primary production in a polymictic tropical lake (Lake Xolotlan, Nicaragua)
- 1998
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Ingår i: HYDROBIOLOGIA. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0018-8158. ; 382, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From 1987 to 1993 we assessed the variation of phytoplankton biomass, underwater irradiance and primary production in Lake Xolotlan (L. Managua, Nicaragua). Chlorophyll-a averaged 65 mg m(-3) and maximum and minimum concentrations were 120 and 30 mg m(-3)
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| 50. |
- Becker-Dreps, Sylvia, et al.
(författare)
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Community Diarrhea Incidence Before and After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Nicaragua
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 89:2, s. 246-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated the incidence of watery diarrhea in the community before and after introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Leon, Nicaragua. A random sample of households was selected before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. All children < 5 years of age in selected households were eligible for inclusion. Children were followed every 2 weeks for watery diarrhea episodes. The incidence rate was estimated as numbers of episodes per 100 child-years of exposure time. A mixed effects Poisson regression model was fit to compare incidence rates in the pre-vaccine and vaccine periods. The pre-vaccine cohort (N = 726) experienced 36 episodes per 100 child-years, and the vaccine cohort (N = 826) experienced 25 episodes per 100 child-years. The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, 0.91) during the vaccine period versus the pre-vaccine period, indicating a lower incidence of watery diarrhea in the community during the vaccine period.
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