| 55701. |
- Westrin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal affective disorder: a clinical update.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. - : Portico. - 1040-1237 .- 1547-3325. ; 19:4, s. 239-246
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) consists of recurrent major depressive episodes in the fall/winter with remissions in spring/summer. METHOD: A Medline search was conducted to identify studies relating to clinical management of SAD using the Medical Subject Heading, seasonal affective disorder, and key words, depress* and season*, focusing on studies published in the past 10 years. The Cochrane library of systematic reviews was also searched for relevant studies. RESULTS: A careful history is important to make the diagnosis and differentiate SAD from other similar conditions such as subsyndromal SAD and atypical depression. Seasonal patterns with winter worsening are also recognized in "nonseasonal" depression as well as many other psychiatric conditions, and comorbidity with SAD is common. The pathophysiology of SAD seems to be heterogeneous as research on circadian, neurotransmitter function and genetic hypotheses have shown discrepant results. A dual vulnerability model with differential loading on separate seasonal and depression factors has been proposed to explain these findings. Recent systematic reviews have shown that light therapy is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment for SAD. There is also evidence for efficacy of pharmacotherapy to treat and prevent SAD. Clinical studies show equal effectiveness with light and antidepressants, so patient preference should be considered in the selection of initial treatment. Dawn stimulation, negative air ions, exercise and cognitve behaviour therapy are under investigation and may also be helpful treatments for SAD. CONCLUSIONS: SAD is a common condition with significant psychosocial impairment. Clinicians should be vigilant in recognizing seasonal patterns of depressive episodes because there are effective, evidence-based treatments for SAD.
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| 55702. |
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| 55703. |
- Weststrate, Cornelis, et al.
(författare)
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Ethanol adsorption, decomposition and oxidation on Ir(111): A high resolution XPS study
- 2007
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Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-7641 .- 1439-4235. ; 8:6, s. 932-937
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethanol (C2H5OH) adsorption, decomposition and oxidation is studied on Ir(111) using high-energy resolution, fast XPS and temperature-programmed desorption. During heating of an adsorbed ethanol layer a part of the C2H5OHad desorbs molecularly, and another part remains on the surface and decomposes around 200 K; these two decomposition pathways are identified, as via acetyl (H3C-,C=O) and via COad:+ CH3ad, respectively. Acetyl and CH3ad decomposed around 300 K into CHad (and COad). CHad decomposes forming C-x and H-2 around 520 K. In the presence of O-ad an acetate intermediate is formed around 180 K, as well as a small amount of CH3ad and COad. Acetate decomposes between 400-480 K into CO2, H-2(/H2O) and CHad.
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| 55704. |
- Wevers, K., et al.
(författare)
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Provision of in-vehicle speed limit information
- 2007
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Ingår i: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-9578 .- 1751-956X. ; 1:3, s. 205-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a substantial agreement that in-vehicle speed assistance ( or speed alert) systems can significantly contribute to road traffic safety. An important prerequisite for such systems is the availability of up-to-date and reliable information on static, temporary and dynamic speed limits in the vehicle. A classification of speed limits is presented, the data provision chains for the mentioned speed limit categories from source to end-user are addressed, and issues that need to be solved for future large-scale implementation of speed assistance systems are identified.
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| 55705. |
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| 55706. |
- Weyns, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of Software System Reliability to Usage Profile Changes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 1595934804 ; , s. 1440-1444
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usage profiles are an important factor in software system reliability estimation. To assess the sensitivity of a system’s reliability to changes in the usage profile, a Markov based system model is used. With the help of this model, the statistical sensitivity to many independent changes can be estimated. The theory supports both absolute and relative changes and can be used for systems with or without a terminal state. With this approach it is possible to very quickly estimate the uncertainty on the predicted reliability calculated from a Markov model based upon the uncertainty on the usage profile. Finally the theory is applied to an example to illustrate its use and to show its validity.
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| 55707. |
- Weyns, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of Website Reliability to Usage Profile Changes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The 18th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability (ISSRE '07). - 1071-9458. - 9780769530246 ; , s. 3-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To measure the reliability of a website from a user’s point of view, the uncertainty on the usage of the website has to be taken into account. In this paper we investigate the influence of this uncertainty on the reliability estimate for a web server. For this purpose a session based Markov model is used to model the usage extracted from the server’s logfiles. From these logfiles a complete user profile can be extracted together with an estimate of the uncertainty on this user profile. This paper investigates the applicability of this kind of Markov model on web server reliability and discusses the difficulties with data extraction from the logfiles. Advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed and the approach is applied to data from a university department’s web server to demonstrate its applicability.
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| 55708. |
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| 55709. |
- Wide-Swensson, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Antepartum percutaneous renal biopsy
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 1879-3479 .- 0020-7292. ; 98:2, s. 88-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the value and adverse effects of an ultrasound -guided renal biopsy technique in women with normal and pathotogic pregnancies. Method: Biopsy samples were taken from 36 women with hypertensive disease (28 with pre-eclampsia) and 18 healthy pregnant women using a thin needle and an ultrasound -guided biopsy device. Results: Gtomerutar endotheliosis, a structural change typical of pre-eclampsia, was found in all hypertensive women, but it was more pronounced in the 28 pre-eclamptic women than in the 8 women with nonproteinuric hypertension. A similar change, however, was seen in 11 of the 18 controls. One serious adverse event occurred, retroperitoneat hematoma, in the woman with the most severe pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Glomerular endotheliosis is not to be considered pathognomonic for pre-eclampsia. Few complications followed renal biopsy in this study, but complications arose in the sickest patient. It is probably not advisable to perform anteparturn renal biopsies in pregnant women with a rapidly deteriorating renal function and swollen kidneys. In these women, the biopsy does not facilitate diagnosis and is hazardous. (c) 2007 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. AR rights reserved.
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| 55710. |
- Widegren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of TNFalpha on the human nasal mucosa in vivo.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 101:9, s. 1982-1987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: TNF alpha is a cytokine that may contribute to the pathophysiology of airway inflammation. Inhalation of TNF alpha produces granulocyte recruitment and airway hyperresponsiveness in man. Anti-TNF alpha treatment may inhibit allergen-induced plasma exudation in guinea-pig airways. Increased nasal mucosal output of TNF alpha has been demonstrated in allergic rhinitis, but the effect of TNF alpha on the human nasal mucosa has not been examined in vivo. Objective: To examine effects of topical TNF alpha on the human nasal mucosa in vivo. Methods: In a dose-finding study, healthy subjects received intranasal TNFa (0-7.5 fig). Nasal lavages were carried out before as well as 10 min and 24h post challenge and alpha(2)-macroglobulin was measured as an index of plasma exudation. In a second study, involving patients with allergic rhinitis examined out of season, a sham-controlled nasal challenge with TNF alpha (10 mu g) was performed and followed 24 h later by an allergen challenge. Lavages were performed before the TNF alpha challenge, 24h thereafter, and 10 min post allergen challenge. a2-Macroglobulin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and IL-8 were analyzed as indices of plasma exudation, eosinophil activity, neutrophil activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, respectively. Results: In the dose-finding study, TNF alpha produced significant increases in alpha(2)-macroglobulin 24h post challenge (p < 0.01). In allergic rhinitis, 10 mu g of TNFa also produced this effect (p < 0.01) as well as increases in ECP and IL-8 (p < 0.01). MPO was increased 24h post challenge, but this change did not reach statistical significance. TNFcc did not produce any acute effects and did not affect the responsiveness to allergen. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that topical TNFa produces a human nasal inflammatory response. These data suggest a role of TNF alpha in nasal conditions characterized by mucosal inflammation.
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