| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Wedel, Johan, 1962
(författare)
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Bridging the Gap between Western and Indigenous Medicine in Eastern Nicaragua
- 2009
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Ingår i: Anthropological Notebooks. ; 15:1, s. 49-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Nicaragua there are attempts, at various levels, to bridge the gap between Western and indigenous medicine and to create more equal forms of therapeutic cooperation. This article, based on anthropological fieldwork, focuses on this process in the North Atlantic Autonomous Region a province dominated by the Miskitu people. It examines illness beliefs among the Miskitu, and how therapeutic cooperation is understood and acted upon by medical personnel, health authorities and Miskitu healers. The study focuses on ailments locally considered to be caused by spirits and sorcery and problems that fall outside the scope of biomedical knowledge. Of special interest is the mass-possession phenomena grisi siknis where Miskitu healing methods have been the preferred alternative, even from the perspective of the biomedical health authorities. The paper shows that Miskitu healing knowledge is only used to compensate for biomedicine’s failure and not as a real alternative, despite the intentions in the new Nicaraguan National Health Plan. This article calls for more equal forms of therapeutic cooperation through ontological engagement by ongoing negotiation and mediation between local and biomedical ways of perceiving the world.
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| 24. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Global narratives of sustainable waste governance in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2011
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Ingår i: Globalization and Development: Rethinking Interventions and Governance.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste is one of the glocal meta-problems and as such an issue for both global and local governance. While waste is a global fluid, with the risks and profitability associated to its movement, it is also an extremely localized phenomenon (Honor Fagan, 2003). The notion of waste is a construct. Its meaning varies between places and societies at different times (MacKillop, 2009); as does the way societies engage with their waste and deal with it. In the last decades waste governance has being constructed as a sustainability problem for both the global North and the global South. A significant number of international multi-lateral organisations are concerned with the issue of sustainable waste governance, bringing global ideas from the North to the South. Most international and national development aid organisations (e.g. UNEP, UN-Habitat, UE …) carry out development projects, programs and experiences of transference of knowledge and best practices regarding a sustainable waste governance. These discourses of what sustainable waste governance is generated by global organisations shape the local practices for the organizing of waste. The definition, problematisation, policies, plans, technologies and management models used for the governing of waste locally is affected considerably by the discourses within and amongst these global organisations, as are the practices of sustainability they propose and promote. However, the global discourse of a sustainable waste management is neither unique nor uniform. The multiplicity of global actors hence leads to a multiplicity of narratives and discourses on sustainable waste governance. In this paper we aim at exploring some of the many global narratives of waste governance in order to unfold how these views pervade local waste governance and policies. In order to do that the paper focus on the case study of Managua, in Nicaragua, and the six development projects funded by different international aid development organisations (Spanish and Italian Aid Agencies, UN-Habitat, US-AID, European Union URBAL, PNUD) related to the city waste governance. Our data consist of policy documents from these organisations supported by personal interviews with key actors related to these projects and non-participant observations over a multitude of meetings and events. After presenting the different global narratives of waste governance in the findings section, we discuss in the conclusions how predominant global waste narratives have stabilized in the discourse of an urban sustainable development in Managua. We end the paper by contextualizing the conclusions with the concepts, assumptions and practices that give shape to the policies and practices connected to ‘sustainable development’
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Wedel, Johan, 1962
(författare)
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Customary law and the mediation of witchcraft accusations in Eastern Nicaragua
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Legal Anthropology. - : Berghahn Books. - 1758-9576 .- 1758-9584. ; 3:1, s. 62-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article focuses on efforts to overcome the divide between state legality and local practices. It explores a pragmatic effort to deal with witchcraft accusations and occult-related violence in customary courts among the Miskitu people in Eastern Nicaragua, taking into account both indigenous notions of justice and cosmology, and the laws of the state. In this model, a community court (elected by the community inhabitants and supported by a council of elders), watchmen known as ‘voluntary police’ and a ‘judicial facilitator’ play intermediary roles. Witchcraft is understood and addressed in relation to Miskitu cultural perceptions and notions of illness afflictions, and disputes are settled through negotiations involving divination, healing, signing a legally binding ‘peace’ contract, a fine, and giving protection to alleged witches. This decreases tensions and the risk of vigilante justice is reduced. The focus is on settling disputes, conciliation and recreating harmony instead of retribution.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected translations in urban policy mobility. The case of the Acahualinca development programme in Managua, Nicaragua
- 2015
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Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 46:April, s. 271-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation gaps between policy goals and outcomes are of increasing concern in practice and research. We explore the translation chains through which urban policies become mobile and are translated into practice. Informed by the city management and policy mobility literature, we conduct a case study of La Chureca, the rubbish dump and slum of Managua, Nicaragua, and its renewal programme. The Acahualinca Programme was implemented via translation chains enacted by many policy translators. It was translated into residents' and waste collectors' interests, its language packaged in artefacts such as prototypes in order to travel. It was made mobile via relational sites or situations providing safe and accessible connections with Chureca residents. Paradoxically, these places also allowed extraordinary connections between actors located in different scales and spaces, facilitating unexpected local community resistance. Although the Program ultimately remained almost unalterable in content, resistance unexpectedly transformed residents from passive policy transmitters into active policy actors in making the city. We conclude that policy implementation cannot be seen as the scripted translation of plans into reality, but as an uncontrollable process in which multiple translations twist policies and plans from below. The significant question is therefore not whether plans succeed, but how they succeed.
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