| 1. |
- Alkan Olsson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A model-supported participatory process for nutrient management: a socio-legal analysis of a bottom-up implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1473-5903 .- 1747-762X. ; 9:2, s. 379-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology for local stakeholders' involvement in water management using a catchment model as a platform for dialogue has been developed and tested in the Kaggebo Bay drainage area in the southeast of Sweden. The process involved farmers, rural households not connected to municipal wastewater treatment facilities, local and regional authorities as well as different water and agricultural experts. This paper aims to assess whether and how the methodology has succeeded in encouraging social learning and promoting action and which barriers can be identified. The assessment shows that the methodology is able to create confidence in the process and increase the willingness to act as the methodology was able to adapt the form and content of the dialogue to better fit the cognitive and relational needs of involved stakeholders. It is also shown that the process may lead to a probable improvement of the eutrophication situation. However, if these types of processes are to serve not only as a basis for social learning and action at the local level, but also as the basis for a broader process of societal learning, then a mechanism to confer local ideas to the regional and national levels has to be clarified.
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| 2. |
- Alkan Olsson, Johanna
(författare)
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What role for soft law in building and developing the climate change regime?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Yeditepe University Faculty of Law. - 1303-4650. ; 8:1, s. 1-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to portray the increasingly complex normative structure of international climate change regime, which consists of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Cimate Change, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol as well as other additional elements that playing a role, such as the practices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Global Environmental Facility and procedures of these institutions. The paper is composed of three parts. The first part defines three key concepts, used extensively in this paper. Part two discusses factors promoting the increasing use of soft law in international environmental management in general and climate change regime in particular and overviews the international legal foundations on which the climate change regime is built. Part three briefly analysis of the normstructure of the CCR, including the reporting, review and non-compliance mechanisms as well as the fJexibility mechanisms that this regime lays down. The paper concludes that both hard and soft law, may have diffirential efficts on both rule development and effictive implementation of climate change rules depending mainly on three factors: 'political saliency', 'the perceived state of scientific knowledge', and 'the bargaining power of the states' that favour either hard or respectively soft law.
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| 3. |
- Armah, Frederick A., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of legal framework for corporate environmental behaviour and perceptions of residents in mining communities in Ghana
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0559 .- 0964-0568. ; 54:2, s. 193-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines the laws and policies that regulate corporate environmental practices in Ghana, with an emphasis on mining. In particular, the analysis of the legal and regulatory framework examines the extent to which it meets international best practices and standards of corporate conduct and the extent to which self-regulatory mechanisms are accommodated under the framework. This was accomplished through reviews of mining and water related Acts, laws and relevant Statutes on corporate environmental practices in Ghana. Ethnographic qualitative research was carried out and key tools utilised included participant observations, focus group discussions and interviews. Interview data captured community members' perceptions on impacts of mining in 12 host communities. Key findings indicate that most respondents have negative perceptions about the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining and where corporate environmental governance codes exist, enforcement mechanisms are not very well laid out, a situation which reflects weak regulatory institutions in the mining sector. Further, the legal and regulatory regime for environmental governance has failed to come up to international best practices. While government has an important role to play in the area of providing the legal framework for enhancing best practice standards in corporate environmental governance, it appears that the ultimate responsibility for sound environmental behaviour still lies with corporations themselves.
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| 6. |
- Jonsson, Anna, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Defining goals in participatory water management: merging local visions and expert judgements
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - Oxfordshire, UK : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0559 .- 0964-0568. ; 54:7, s. 909-935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Management by objectives is intrinsic to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Swedish environmental policy. We describe three approaches to formulating objectives via model-assisted dialogue with local stakeholders concerning eutrophication in a coastal drainage area in south-eastern Sweden: a WFD eco-centred approach based on 'natural state'; Swedish environmental policy reformulated into quantified reduction goals; and a participatory approach based on local stakeholder definitions of desirable environmental status. Despite problems with representation, we conclude that local stakeholder participation in formulating local goals could increase goal functionality and robustness when adapting and implementing national and EU WFD goals at the local level.
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