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- Al-Yahri, Omer, et al.
(författare)
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First ever case report of co-occurrence of hobnail variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma in the same thyroid lobe
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2210-2612. ; 70, s. 40-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The hobnail variant of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is rare. Intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma (ITPA) is also rare. Co-ocurrence of PTC and ITPA in the same thyroid lobe is extremely rare. Likewise, primary hyperparathyroidism with such non-medullary thyroid carcinoma is rare. The specific molecular profile of hobnail PTC (HPTC) is different from the classic, poorly differentiated and anaplastic variants and may contribute to its aggressive behavior. HPTC's genetic profile remains unclear. Presentation of case: A 61-year-old woman presented to our endocrine clinic with generalized aches, bone pain, polyuria, and right neck swelling of a few months’ duration. Laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasound of the neck showed 4.6 cm complex nodule within the right thyroid lobe. Sestamibi scan suggested parathyroid adenoma in the right thyroid lobe. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) revealed atypical follicular lesion of undetermined significance. She underwent right lobectomy, which normalized the intraoperative intact parathyroid hormone levels. Final pathology with immunohistochemical stains demonstrated HPTC and IPTA (2 cm each). Next-generation sequencing investigated the mutation spectrum of HPTC and detected BRAFV600E mutation. Conclusions: A parathyroid adenoma should not exclude the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid evaluation is needed for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism to prevent missing concurrent thyroid cancers. Cytomorphologic features to distinguish thyroid from parathyroid cells on FNA cytology must be considered. Immunohistochemical stains are important. BRAFV600E is the most common mutation in HPTC. This is possibly the first reported case of HPTC and ITPA co-occurring within the same thyroid lobe. Studies that define other molecular abnormalities may be useful as therapeutic targets. © 2020 The Author(s)
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| 3. |
- Buchert, Stephan
(författare)
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Entangled dynamos and Joule heating in the Earth's ionosphere
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 38, s. 1019-1030
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth's neutral atmosphere is the driver of the well-known solar quiet (Sq) and other magnetic variations observed for more than 100 years. Yet the understanding of how the neutral wind can accomplish a dynamo effect has been incomplete. A new viable model is presented where a dynamo effect is obtained only in the case of winds perpendicular to the magnetic field B that do not map along B. Winds where uxB is constant have no effect. We identify Sq as being driven by wind differences at magnetically conjugate points and not by a neutral wind per se. The view of two different but entangled dynamos is favoured, with some conceptual analogy to quantum mechanical states. Because of the large preponderance of the neutral gas mass over the ionized component in the Earth's ionosphere, the dominant effect of the plasma adjusting to the winds is Joule heating. The amount of global Joule heating power from Sq is estimated, with uncertainties, to be much lower than Joule heating from ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling at high latitudes in periods of strong geomagnetic activity. However, on average both contributions could be relatively comparable. The global contribution of heating by ionizing solar radiation in the same height range should be 2-3 orders of magnitude larger.
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| 5. |
- Budnyak, Tetyana M., et al.
(författare)
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Tailored Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Lignin Coatings on Mesoporous Silica for Sustainable Cobalt(II) Recycling
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 8:43, s. 16262-16273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin is a renewable biopolymer, and its chemical functionalization renders it a prospective material for a plethora of applications. Within this respect, we present a method for lignin immobilization on the surface of mesoporous silica. Two types of lignins were used to prove the feasibility of the fabrication of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic biocoatings on silica. The procedure permits to immobilize 17 mg of lignosulfonate (LS) or 37 mg of kraft lignin (KL) per gram of silica. The bioinorganic composites display a synergistic effect in the adsorption of cobalt(II) ions from aqueous solutions because the adsorption efficiency outperforms the individual constituents. These results demonstrate that thin lignin overlayers, exhibiting polymer concentrations of 0.07 mg.m(-2) for LS-SiO2, and 0.14 mg.m(-2) for KL-SiO2, provide new functionality in comparison to bulk lignin and metal oxides. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the adsorption capacity toward aqua complexes of Co(II) was found to be 75 and 59 mg.g(-1) for the LS- or KL-coated silica, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that lignin-SiO2 composites gained the features of inorganic sorbents because 1-1.5 h was sufficient for effective cobalt extraction. The adsorption on the bioinorganic composites proceeds with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption of Co(II) ions was confirmed by means of solid-state H-1 magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The simplicity of the synthesis, low-cost and abundancy of substrates, high capacity, and fast kinetics make such lignin-coated silica a promising material for cobalt recovery.
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| 6. |
- Chu, Thi My Chinh, et al.
(författare)
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Opportunistic Spectrum Access for Cognitive Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we study the performance of cognitive amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks where the secondary users opportunistically access M licensed bands of the primary users over Nakagami-m fading channels. In order to enhance the accuracy of spectrum sensing and strongly protect the primary users from being interfered by the secondary transmission, collaborative spectrum sensing is deployed among the secondary transmitter, secondary relay, and secondary receiver. In particular, an analytical expression for the capacity of the considered network is derived. Numerical results are provided to show the influence of the arrival rate of the primary users on the channel utilization of licensed bands. Finally, the impact of the number of the licensed bands, channel utilization of the primary users, false alarm probability, and transmission distances on the capacity of the considered system are investigated.
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| 10. |
- Khalil, M., et al.
(författare)
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Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1759-4758 .- 1759-4766. ; 14:10, s. 577-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroaxonal damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in various neurological disorders. Reliable quantification and longitudinal follow-up of such damage are important for assessing disease activity, monitoring treatment responses, facilitating treatment development and determining prognosis. The neurofilament proteins have promise in this context because their levels rise upon neuroaxonal damage not only in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but also in blood, and they indicate neuroaxonal injury independent of causal pathways. First-generation (immunoblot) and second-generation (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) neurofilament assays had limited sensitivity. Third-generation (electrochemiluminescence) and particularly fourth-generation (single-molecule array) assays enable the reliable measurement of neurofilaments throughout the range of concentrations found in blood samples. This technological advancement has paved the way to investigate neurofilaments in a range of neurological disorders. Here, we review what is known about the structure and function of neurofilaments, discuss analytical aspects and knowledge of age-dependent normal ranges of neurofilaments and provide a comprehensive overview of studies on neurofilament light chain as a marker of axonal injury in different neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease. We also consider work needed to explore the value of this axonal damage marker in managing neurological diseases in daily practice.
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