| 61. |
- Crawford, E. David, et al.
(author)
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PSA-based screening for prostate cancer: How does it compare with other cancer screening tests?
- 2008
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In: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 54:2, s. 262-273
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Context: Despite the substantive societal impact of prostate cancer, the medical community is currently divided on the balance between benefit and harm of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Objective: To examine whether PSA-based screening for prostate cancer meets current guidelines on efficacy and effectiveness for screening, and how it compares with other currently implemented cancer-screening methods. Evidence acquisition: A literature search was conducted for reviews and individual studies that have examined the performance of screening for colorectal, cervical, breast, and prostate cancer. Each screening method was assessed using the United Kingdom National Screening Committee guidelines. Data on screening test performance (sensitivity, specificity, etc) were extracted from these articles for comparison. Evidence synthesis: In common with other cancers for which screening is conducted, prostate cancer represents a significant morbidity and mortality burden. The PSA test can be considered "simple" and "safe" within appropriate boundaries. The sensitivity/specificity profile of PSA is not optimal but has clinical validity: Cases missed at screening detected as interval cases do not have a poor outcome. Early prostate cancer intervention can be beneficial for long-term outcomes, although the benefits need to be weighed against the adverse effects of intervention. Early evidence from screening studies also suggests positive stage and grade shifts, although Level 1 mortality data are still awaited. Robust cost-effectiveness data are still lacking, although current evidence suggests that PSA screening may lie within acceptable limits. Conclusion: Until better markers become available, PSA can be regarded as an appropriate screening tool for prostate cancer at a population level. (C) 2008 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Dufwenberg, Martin
(author)
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Time consistent matrimony with endogenous trust
- 1997
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A simple model of marriage and divorce predicts that no marriages occur. Yet, in real life, people marry all the time in seemingly similar situations. This discordance is explained using psychological game theory. An emotional guilt effect is explicitly modeled and multiple belief-dependent equilibria become possible: some marriages don’t happen, some are formed but end in divorce, some last a lifetime. For certain parameterizations a lifelong efficient marriage is guaranteed; one spouse’s approval to marry signals a trust so strong as to force the other spouse to hold beliefs which make divorce exceedingly emotionally unattractive. These results may have some bearing also on other partnerships than marriage.
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| 65. |
- Fridolfsson, Charlotte, et al.
(author)
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Workshop “Power and the political” vid Nordiska statsvetarkongressen (NOPSA)
- 2014
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Workshop 11: POWER AND THE POLITICALThe aim of the workshop is to further debates on power and the political, their relationships and to carry out studies of the two. The workshop gains its inspiration from poststructuralist discourse theory, Ernesto Laclau’s work and Foucault in particular, but is open to other approaches that seek to theorize power and/or the political and their connection to the contexts of investigation. In broad terms Foucault's work focuses on questions of governing, the more silent, micro day to day workings of political power, whereas Laclau's work directs the attention to moments of rupture, the creation of broader popular movements and identities.Papers are invited which compare the two approaches, as well as papers reflecting on the concepts of politics and power following from either, or compared with other approaches. We welcome (however do not limit the range of papers to) contributions from post-Marxist, post-foundational, feminist, postcolonial or psychoanalytic research traditions.The aim of the workshop is to question any taken-for-granted nature of these two dimensions in the study of politics, and to help make explicit what is implied – theoretically and methodologically – in the different approaches. How we might study politics is intimately related to the reflections on the nature of the political and power, and vice versa.The language of the workshop is English, to in particular welcome international scholars working in the Nordic countries. Chair: Charlotte Fridolfsson (Linköping, Sweden)Vice-chairs: Emilia Palonen (University of Helsinki, Finland) och Allan Dreyer Hansen (Roskilde, Danmark)
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Georgakis, Marios K., et al.
(author)
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Malignant Central Nervous System Tumors Among Adolescents and Young Adults (15-39 Years Old) in 14 Southern-Eastern European Registries and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program: Mortality and Survival Patterns
- 2017
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In: Cancer. - : WILEY. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 123:22, s. 4458-4471
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Unique features and worse outcomes have been reported for cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15-39 years old). The aim of this study was to explore the mortality and survival patterns of malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors among AYAs in Southern-Eastern Europe (SEE) in comparison with the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. METHODS: Malignant CNS tumors diagnosed in AYAs during the period spanning 1990-2014 were retrieved from 14 population-based cancer registries in the SEE region (n = 11,438). Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated and survival patterns were evaluated via Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses, and they were compared with respective 1990-2012 figures from SEER (n = 13,573). RESULTS: Mortality rates in SEE (range, 11.9-18.5 deaths per million) were higher overall than the SEER rate (9.4 deaths per million), with decreasing trends in both regions. Survival rates increased during a comparable period (2001-2009) in SEE and SEER. The 5-year survival rate was considerably lower in the SEE registries (46%) versus SEER (67%), mainly because of the extremely low rates in Ukraine; this finding was consistent across age groups and diagnostic subtypes. The highest 5-year survival rates were recorded for ependymomas (76% in SEE and 92% in SEER), and the worst were recorded for glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas (28% in SEE and 37% in SEER). Advancing age, male sex, and rural residency at diagnosis adversely affected outcomes in both regions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite definite survival gains over the last years, the considerable outcome disparities between the less affluent SEE region and the United States for AYAs with malignant CNS tumors point to health care delivery inequalities. No considerable prognostic deficits for CNS tumors are evident for AYAs versus children. (c) 2017 American Cancer Society.
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| 68. |
- Groth, Margareta Ring
(author)
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Structural adhesive bonding of metals : surface and fracture mechanics aspects
- 2001
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Strukturell, eller lastbärande, limning ökar alltmer i volym. Strukturell limning har tidigare mest använts i flygindustrin för lätta metaller och legeringar, men används nu inom ett flertal industrier för andra material. Limning har många fördelar jämfört med andra fogningsmetoder, det skapar lätta, starka fogar med mycket goda utmattningsegenskaper, och har den stora fördelen att man kan foga olika material till varandra. All limning är beroende av goda egenskaper hos ytorna som ska limmas, ytan måste vara ren och ha en sådan struktur att den lämpar sig för limning. Ytan måste vara ren före limning. Rengöring kan ske på ett flertal sätt, vanligast är mekaniska och kemiska rengöringsmetoder. Inom traditionella limområden används nästan alltid kemiska rengöringsprocesser, men inom de nya användningsområdena så är det önskvärt med mekaniska alternativ, som har mindre inverkan på ekonomi, miljö och arbetsmiljö. Det första syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka om mekaniska rengöringsmetoder kan ge hållbara fogar som har en acceptabel livslängd. De mekaniska metoder som använts har visat sig ge bra resultat. Det är inte helt enkelt att beskriva en yta. Det finns vanliga ytparametrar såsom Ra (ytråhetsvärde), men en ytas Ra-värde går inte att direkt koppla till fogegenskaper hos ett förband. Därför undersöktes om det kan gå att beskriva ytan på ett sådant sätt att det kan kopplas till foghållfasthet. Vi har använt fraktalteori, och karakteriserat ytornas fraktala egenskaper, och visat att det går att korrelera ytans fraktala dimension och fraktala råhetsparameter till styrka och beständighet hos limfogen, under förutsättning att ytan är ren. När man så kan skapa en fog med goda styrke- och beständighetegenskaper kan man arbeta med att prediktera fogens styrka. I dagsläget finns inga generellt accepterade dimensioneringsregler för limfogar. Foggeometri och fogbelastningar kan vara komplexa, och det gör det svårt att dimensionera limfogar. Finita elementmetoder kan användas, men kräver avancerade beräkningar, och endast specifika resultat kan fås. Brottmekaniska beräkningar verkar lovande, framför allt för att kunna göra geometrioberoende analyser. Brottmekaniska analyser kan vara ett bra sätt att karakterisera fogens hållfasthetsegenskaper.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
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