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- Pagels, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-8502. ; 40:3, s. 193-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate the physical and chemical properties of particle emissions from candle burning in indoor air. Two representative types of tapered candies were studied during steady burn, sooting burn and smouldering (upon extinction) under controlled conditions in a walk-in stainless steel chamber. Steady burn emits relatively high number emissions of ultrafine particles dominated by either phosphates or alkali nitrates. The likely source of these particles is flame retardant additives to the wick. Sooting burn in addition emits larger particles mainly consisting of agglomerated elemental carbon. This burning mode is associated with the highest mass emission factors. Particles emitted during smouldering upon extinction are dominated by organic matter. A mass closure was illustrated for the total mass concentration, the summed mass concentration from chemical analysis and the size-integrated mass concentration assessed from number distribution measurements using empirically determined effective densities for the three particle types. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in transdisciplinary research : Example from a study on people as part of energy and ventilation systems in residential buildings (PEIRE)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 802-812
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. Thereis a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the ocupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 4. |
- Saqnati, Mehri, et al.
(författare)
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Hygroscopic behaviour of aerosol particles emitted from biomass fired grate boilers
- 2005
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Ingår i: Aerosol Science and Technology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0278-6826 .- 1521-7388. ; 39:91, s. 919-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the hygroscopic properties of submicrometer aerosol particles emitted from two small-scale district heating combustion plants (1 and 1.5 MW) burning two types of biomass fuels (moist forest residue and pellets). The hygroscopic particle diameter growth factor (Gf ) was measured when taken from a dehydrated to a humidified state for particle diameters between 30– 350 nm (dry size) using a Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA). Particles of a certain dry size all showed similar diameter growth and the Gf at RH = 90% for 110/100 nm particles was 1.68 in the 1MWboiler, and 1.5 in the 1.5MWboiler. These growth factors are considerably higher in comparison to other combustion aerosol particles such as diesel exhaust, and are the result of the efficient combustion and the high concentration of alkali species in the fuel. The observed water uptake could be explained using the Zdanovski-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule and a chemical composition of potassium salts only, taken from ion chromatography analysis of filter and impactor samples (KCl, K2SO4, andK2CO3). Agglomerated particles collapsed and became more spherical when initially exposed to a moderately high relative humidity. When diluted with hot particle-free air, the fractallike structures remained intact until humidified in the H-TDMA. A method to estimate the fractal dimension of the agglomerated combustion aerosol and to convert the measured mobility diameter hygroscopic growth to the more useful property volume diameter growth is presented. The fractal dimension was estimated to be ∼2.5.
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