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| 2. |
- Omelekhina, Yuliya, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of energy renovation and occupants' activities on airborne particle concentrations in Swedish rental apartments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to airborne particles causes detrimental health effects, hence their assessment in indoor environments, where people spend most of the time, is important. The influence of energy renovation and occupants' activities on airborne particle concentrations was assessed in seven occupied Swedish residences. Ultrafine particle (UFP, <100 nm) number concentrations, PM2.5 (<2.5 μm) and black carbon (BC, <900 nm) mass concentrations were simultaneously measured inside and outside before, after renovation, and during follow-up. The average indoor UFP number concentrations increased from 6200 (±4070) cm-3 before renovation to 12,700 (±6040) cm-3 during the follow up, as the number of indoor activities doubled. Indoor UFP number concentrations depended mainly on frequency and type of occupants' activities in studied residences (e.g., cooking, candle burning). The average indoor PM2.5 concentration decreased from 8.6 (±5.8) μg m-3 before renovation to 2.5 (±1.3) μg m-3 during follow up, as the activities that generated PM2.5 decreased, and infiltration of outdoor particles could have been decreased due to renovation measures. However, the indication of infiltration decrease during the follow up, assessed on the basis of indoor to outdoor ratios during non-activity times (with no influence of occupants' activities), was not observed after the renovation and should be treated with caution. In this study indoor PM2.5 and BC were influenced by activities and outdoor concentrations. Reduction of exposure to indoor UFP, might be obtained by optimization of kitchen exhaust flows. An improved design of supply air inlets in mechanical exhaust ventilation systems may reduce PM2.5 infiltration. Occupants' logbook records, needed for identification of sources contributing to particle exposure, proved useful but not always accurate compared to technical measurements of activities and UFP concentrations. Development of simple and reliable activity detection systems is needed to complement logbooks and allow accurate assessment of source contribution to particle exposure in homes and associated health effects.
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| 4. |
- Omelekhina, Yuliya, et al.
(författare)
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Indoor-to-outdoor ratios of ultrafine particles in Swedish residences
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of health effects have been linked to exposure to airborne particles, however the consequences of exposure to ultrafine particles is largely unknown. Ultrafine particles can be emitted from different indoor activities or be of the outdoor origin. This is further complicated by the fact that we are spending majority of the time indoors. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of renovations on indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios of ultrafine particles (UFP) in 6 occupied Swedish residences. Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements were performed in 6 residences for seven consecutive days in urban area in southern Sweden. The apartments were mechanically ventilated and had volumes between 115-218 m3. The renovation activities included adjusting air exchange rates (AER) to meet Swedish standards (0.5 AER h-1) and installation of the new kitchen extraction fans. NanoTracers (Oxility Aerasense) were used to measure particle number concentrations and mean particle diameters (10 - 300 nm). Based on the averages of particle number concentrations (PNC) during occupancy period, indoor-to-outdoor ratios (I/O) were calculated for each home. AER have been increased in the apartments during renovations to 0.4-0.7 h-1 in comparison to values before the renovation 0.2-0.4 h-1. After renovation I/O ratios of PNC during occupancy periods varied between 0.2-3.8 and were lower in comparison to the values before renovations 1.0-11.9. This could indicate increased efficiency of particles removal after renovation but also can be influenced by lower amount of performed activities by occupants, which were 2-3 times lower after in comparison to before. Results have shown the positive changes of the renovation processes on AER and particle removal. Nevertheless, the frequency and type of indoor activities performed by residents at home influence the indoor concentrations. The Swedish Research Council FORMAS and the Swedish Energy Agency financed the project.
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| 5. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in transdisciplinary research : Example from a study on people as part of energy and ventilation systems in residential buildings (PEIRE)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018 : Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates - Sustainable Buildings in Cold Climates. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 802-812
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. Thereis a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the ocupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 7. |
- Pedersen, Eja, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in Transdisciplinary Research—Example from a Study on People as Part of Energy and Ventilation Systems in Residential Buildings (PEIRE)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 803-812
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy efficiency measures in residential buildings typically include changes in ventilation and heating systems, and increased thermal insulation of the building envelope. The expected energy efficiency is not always reached, despite large knowledge and professional implementation of each separate measure. There is a lack in understanding of how technical systems interact, and how the occupants are influenced by and in turn influence the systems by their behaviour. A holistic view and a transdisciplinary research approach are needed to understand relevant interactions and propose integrated energy efficiency measures. The aim of this paper is to reveal challenges in transdisciplinary research projects that include real world studies on both humans and technical systems with measurements before and after renovation of multifamily housing. It is based on experiences from the PEIRE-project (People, Environment, Indoor, Renovation, Energy) carried out by a research team with expertise on environmental psychology, human behaviour, interaction design, universal design, building physics, building services, thermal comfort, aerosol technology, exposure assessment, acoustics, daylight, and complex thinking. Differences in theoretical bases and methodology needed to be dealt with. Metatheory building could help with the transition from a multi- to a transdisciplinary understanding.
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| 8. |
- Wierzbicka, Aneta, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy Indoor Environments : The Need for a Holistic Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor environments have a large impact on health and well-being, so it is important to understand what makes them healthy and sustainable. There is substantial knowledge on individual factors and their effects, though understanding how factors interact and what role occupants play in these interactions (both causative and receptive) is lacking. We aimed to: (i) explore interactions between factors and potential risks if these are not considered from holistic perspective; and (ii) identify components needed to advance research on indoor environments. The paper is based on collaboration between researchers from disciplines covering technical, behavioural, and medical perspectives. Outcomes were identified through literature reviews, discussions and workshops with invited experts and representatives from various stakeholder groups. Four themes emerged and were discussed with an emphasis on occupant health: (a) the bio-psycho-social aspects of health; (b) interaction between occupants, buildings and indoor environment; (c) climate change and its impact on indoor environment quality, thermal comfort and health; and (d) energy efficiency measures and indoor environment. To advance the relevant research, the indoor environment must be considered a dynamic and complex system with multiple interactions. This calls for a transdisciplinary and holistic approach and effective collaboration with various stakeholders.
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