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- Mariosa, D, et al.
(författare)
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Body Size at Different Ages and Risk of 6 Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization and Prospective Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 114:9, s. 1296-1300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is unclear if body weight in early life affects cancer risk independently of adult body weight. To investigate this question for 6 obesity-related cancers, we performed univariable and multivariable analyses using 1) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and 2) longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts. Both the MR and longitudinal analyses indicated that larger early life body size was associated with higher risk of endometrial (odds ratioMR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.23 to 2.11) and kidney (odds ratioMR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 to 1.80) cancer. These associations were attenuated after accounting for adult body size in both the MR and cohort analyses. Early life body mass index (BMI) was not consistently associated with the other investigated cancers. The lack of clear independent risk associations suggests that early life BMI influences endometrial and kidney cancer risk mainly through pathways that are common with adult BMI.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bitima, Gemechu
(författare)
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Mathematical modelling of biomass thermal degradation in a fixed bed reactor
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A mathematical model of biomass thermal degradation in afixed bed has been developed. Theoretical analysis of drying,pyrolysis and char combustion has been carried out. The basicequations ofbiomass degradation kinetics, heat and masstransfer differential equations are formulated and detailedanalysis of the relevant parameters and biomass characteristicsare done and the equations of transport phenomena in a fixedbed are solved both analytically and numerically.Pyrolysis and drying kinetics (paper I), theoreticalanalysis and mathematical modeling of char combustion problemsin a fixed bed of biomass reactor (paper II), mathematicalmodelling of heat and mass transfer during drying (paper III),pyrolysis (paper IV) and char combustion (paper V) have beendone.This final work analyzes the above mentioned papers and adetailed theoretical analysis is given. The study focuses onheat and mass transfer mathematical modelling, especiallyemphasis being given to the thermal non-equilibrium conditiondeveloped due to the difference in temperature of solid fueland gas phase which lead to the formulation of differentequations for solid and gas phase separately. The mathematicalmodel results are compared with some experimental results.Keywords:Pyrolysis, fixed bed, gasification, drying,combustion, biomass, kinetic.©Gemechu Bitima, 1999
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| 4. |
- Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Gallstone disease in Swedish twins is associated with the Gilbert variant of UGT1A1.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. - : Wiley. - 1478-3231. ; 33:6, s. 904-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Gilbert syndrome-associated functional TATA box variant UGT1A1*28 (A(TA)7 TAA) was found to increase susceptibility to pigment gallstone formation in patients with haemolytic anaemia. Further studies in extensive cohorts demonstrated an increased risk of this variant for cholesterol gallstone disease (GD). We now investigated this polymorphism as a determinant of symptomatic GD in Swedish twins. METHODS: The Swedish Twin Registry was merged with the Hospital Discharge and Causes of Death Registries and searched for GD-related diagnoses among monozygotic (MZ) twins living in the Stockholm area. In addition, we screened the TwinGene database for GD. In total, we found 44 MZ twin pairs with and eight MZ twins without GD to be evaluable. GD-free twins from TwinGene (109 concordantly MZ and 126 independent DZ) served as controls. UGT1A1*28 genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays. RESULTS: Overall, 58 and 8 of 106 twins with GD were hetero- and homozygous UGT1A1 risk allele carriers respectively. The case-control association tests showed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased risk of developing GD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.00-2.63) in heterozygotes carriers and in addition, a trend (P = 0.075) for an increased risk among carriers (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.97-2.44) of the risk allele. CONCLUSION: These data from Swedish twins confirm the Gilbert variant as risk factor for GD. Our observation is in line with nucleation in bilirubin supersaturated bile representing an initial step in cholelithogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Abo-elmatty, Dina M., et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Urtica pilulifera extracts in type2 diabetic rats
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7573 .- 0378-8741. ; 145:1, s. 269-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnopharmacological relevance: "Urtica pilulifera has been traditionally used in Egyptian system as an herbal remedy to be a diuretic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hemostatic, antidandruff and astringent" Aim of the study: To evaluate the potential effects of ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (CHLOR) and hexane (HEXA) extracts of Urtica piluliferaas oral anti-diabetic agents as well as to evaluate their possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in type2 diabetic rat model. Material and methods: Type2 diabetes was induced by a high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic adult male albino rats were allocated into groups and treated according to the following schedule; Pioglitazone HCL (PIO), EA, CHLOR and HEXA extracts of Urtica piluilifera at two doses of 250 and 500 mg/ kg were used. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control one were used for comparison. Blood glucose, insulin resistance, antioxidant enzymes, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-a levels were evaluated. Results: EA and CHLOR extracts of Urtica pilulifera exhibited a significant hypoglycemia associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats; however, HEXA extract showed no beneficial effect. These activities are responsible, at least partly, for improvements that have been seen in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance of diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our results encourage the traditional use of Urtica pilulifera extract as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent as an additional therapy of diabetes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Aboab, J., et al.
(författare)
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CO2 elimination at varying inspiratory pause in acute lung injury
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 27:1, s. 2-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that, during mechanical ventilation, an inspiratory pause enhances gas exchange. This has been attributed to prolonged time during which fresh gas of the tidal volume is present in the respiratory zone and is available for distribution in the lung periphery. The mean distribution time of inspired gas (MDT) is the mean time during which fractions of fresh gas are present in the respiratory zone. All ventilators allow setting of pause time, T-P, which is a determinant of MDT. The objective of the present study was to test in patients the hypothesis that the volume of CO2 eliminated per breath, VTCO2, is correlated to the logarithm of MDT as previously found in animal models. Eleven patients with acute lung injury were studied. When T-P increased from 0% to 30%, MDT increased fourfold. A change of T-P from 10% to 0% reduced VTCO2 by 14%, while a change to 30% increased VTCO2 by 19%. The relationship between VTCO2 and MDT was in accordance with the logarithmic hypothesis. The change in VTCO2 reflected to equal extent changes in airway dead space and alveolar PCO2 read from the alveolar plateau of the single breath test for CO2. By varying T-P, effects are observed on VTCO2, airway dead space and alveolar PCO2. These effects depend on perfusion, gas distribution and diffusion in the lung periphery, which need to be further elucidated.
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| 10. |
- Aboab, Jerome, et al.
(författare)
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Dead space and CO2 elimination related to pattern of inspiratory gas delivery in ARDS patients
- 2012
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Ingår i: Critical Care. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1364-8535. ; 16:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The inspiratory flow pattern influences CO2 elimination by affecting the time the tidal volume remains resident in alveoli. This time is expressed in terms of mean distribution time (MDT), which is the time available for distribution and diffusion of inspired tidal gas within resident alveolar gas. In healthy and sick pigs, abrupt cessation of inspiratory flow (that is, high end-inspiratory flow (EIF)), enhances CO2 elimination. The objective was to test the hypothesis that effects of inspiratory gas delivery pattern on CO2 exchange can be comprehensively described from the effects of MDT and EIF in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: In a medical intensive care unit of a university hospital, ARDS patients were studied during sequences of breaths with varying inspiratory flow patterns. Patients were ventilated with a computer-controlled ventilator allowing single breaths to be modified with respect to durations of inspiratory flow and postinspiratory pause (T-P), as well as the shape of the inspiratory flow wave. From the single-breath test for CO2, the volume of CO2 eliminated by each tidal breath was derived. Results: A long MDT, caused primarily by a long TP, led to importantly enhanced CO2 elimination. So did a high EIF. Effects of MDT and EIF were comprehensively described with a simple equation. Typically, an efficient and a less-efficient pattern of inspiration could result in +/- 10% variation of CO2 elimination, and in individuals, up to 35%. Conclusions: In ARDS, CO2 elimination is importantly enhanced by an inspiratory flow pattern with long MDT and high EIF. An optimal inspiratory pattern allows a reduction of tidal volume and may be part of lung-protective ventilation.
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