| 51. |
- Albin, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of In-Hospital Care among Foreign-Born Compared to Native Swedes 1987-1999
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nursing Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-1429 .- 2090-1437. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In previous longitudinal studies of mortality and morbidity among foreign-born and native-born Swedes, increased mortality and dissimilarities in mortality pattern were found. The aim of this study is to describe, compare, and analyse the utilization of in-hospital care among deceased foreign- and Swedish-born persons during the years 1987–1999 with focus on four diagnostic categories. The study population consisted of 361,974 foreign-born persons aged 16 years and upward who were registered as living in Sweden in 1970, together with 361,974 matched Swedish controls for each person. Data from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and the National Board of Health and Welfare Centre for Epidemiology, covering the period 1970–1999, was used. Persons were selected if they were admitted to hospital during 1987–1999 and the cause of death was in one of four ICD groups. The results indicate a tendency towards less health care utilization among migrants, especially men, as regards Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions and Injury and poisoning. Further studies are needed to explore the possible explanations and the pattern of other diseases to see whether migrants, and especially migrant men, are a risk group with less utilization of health care.
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| 52. |
- Albinsson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Maktutövning ur ett organisations- och genusperspektiv. En studie vid tre vårdavdelningar
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The primary aim of the present thesis is to increase understandig of the relationship between organisational structure, gender and power. Understanding of this relationship requires a closeness to the individual being studied as well to the content and consequences of that individuals´actions. The empirical object of study is a group of professional women at a somatic clinic. The problem investigated is based on a theoretical perspective on organisations; feminist theories and power theories. Our starting point was that these women should be seen as subjects who actively shape their own daily living situation, experience and actions. We thus felt it appropriate to choose a qualitative method. Data was collected by means of observation and qualitative interviews. The results show that the first foundation of gender-related domination at the clinic was hierarchial and bureaucratic and was characterised by a clear power symmetry and division of labour. The second foundation of gender-related domination resulted in the organisational structure of the clinic allowing a few men at the top of the hierarchy to exercise power over the women in the middle and lower levels. An important conclusion is that the women studied were clearly at a disadvantage in a hierarchial organisation. The difference in influence between men and women in the study was further reinforced by the fact that the various professional categories belonged to different sub-cultures. The unisexual sub-cultures when combined with the doctor´s normative sub-culture further increased the opportunities for the men studied to dominate the women, thereby reinforcing the impression that the organisation was based om male norms and the logic of segregation. Male domination can also be understood from an individual perspective. The men studied adopted different strategies as a means of accentuating their position in relation to the women. The study comprised a few women who used specific domination tactics. They possessed knowledge of the different power techniques open to them, and they used these in their relations with men. Knowledge of the two foundations mentioned stimulates the desire to initiate changes. One element of significance in such changes is the re-forming of structural conditions. It is important to bring about changes at individual level. Men and women´s consciousness of, and knowledge about, gender-related domination must be the focus of attention.
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| 53. |
- Ale Ebrahim Dehkordi, Molood, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term dynamics of institutions : Using ABM as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: JASSS. - : Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation. - 1460-7425. ; 24:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical data are valuable resources for providing insights into social patterns in the past. However, these data often inform us at the macro-level of analysis but not about the role of individuals’ behaviours in the emergence of long-term patterns. Therefore, it is difficult to infer ‘how’ and ‘why’ certain patterns emerged in the past. Historians use various methods to draw hypotheses about the underlying reasons for emerging patterns and trends, but since the patterns are the results of hundreds if not thousands of years of human behaviour, these hypotheses can never be tested in reality. Our proposition is that simulation models and specifically, agent-based models (ABMs) can be used as complementary tools in historical studies to support hypothesis building. The approach that we propose and test in this paper is to design and configure models in such a way as to generate historical patterns, consequently aiming to find individual-level explanations for the emerging pattern. In this work, we use an existing, empirically validated, agent-based model of common pool resource management to test hypotheses formulated based on a historical dataset. We first investigate whether the model can replicate various patterns observed in the dataset, and second, whether it can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism that led to the observed empirical trends. We showcase how ABM can be used as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies. Finally, we provide some guidelines for using ABM as a tool to test historical hypotheses.
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| 54. |
- Alexandersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalization of Bookkeeping in Small Organizations : The Case of Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811944604 - 9789811944598 - 9789811944628 ; , s. 133-162
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bookkeeping and accounting is a prevalent feature of small organizations, which has changed face quite substantially with the advent of personal computers and, later, the Internet. The emergence of digitalized accounting procedures has taken place in a nexus of different types of actors (e.g., software developers, accountancy firms and the businesses themselves), regulatory frameworks (e.g., bookkeeping laws and accounting standards) and technical frameworks (e.g., standards for software interactions with banks and tax authorities). Altogether, this has made the paths taken in this process to be largely national. In general, this process of digitalization is largely undocumented and untheorized in research despite its profound impact on practice. Against this backdrop, this chapter has a descriptive and forward-looking approach, documenting the case of how Swedish bookkeeping practices of small organizations became digitalized, which can work as a reference case for comparisons with other national contexts.
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| 55. |
- Alfalahi, Alyaa, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding a dictionary of marker words for uncertainty and negation using distributional semantics
- 2015
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Ingår i: EMNLP 2015 - 6th International Workshop on Health Text Mining and Information Analysis, LOUHI 2015 : Proceedings of the Workshop - Proceedings of the Workshop. - : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781941643327 ; , s. 90-96
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches to determining the factuality of diagnoses and findings in clinical text tend to rely on dictionaries of marker words for uncertainty and negation. Here, a method for semi-automatically expanding a dictionary of marker words using distributional semantics is presented and evaluated. It is shown that ranking candidates for inclusion according to their proximity to cluster centroids of semantically similar seed words is more successful than ranking them according to proximity to each individual seed word.
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| 56. |
- Alftberg, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Conversations about Death and Dying with Older People : An Ethnographic Study in Nursing Homes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Healthcare. - : MDPI. - 2227-9032. ; 6:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nursing homes are often places where older persons “come to die.” Despite this, death and dying are seldom articulated or talked about. The aim of this study was to explore assistant nurses’ experiences of conversations about death and dying with nursing home residents. This study is part of an implementation project through a knowledge-based educational intervention based on palliative care principles. An ethnographic study design was applied in seven nursing homes, where eight assistant nurses were interviewed and followed in their daily assignments through participant observations. The assistant nurses stated that they had the knowledge and tools to conduct such conversations, even though they lacked the time and felt that emotional strain could be a hinder for conversations about death and dying. The assistant nurses used the strategies of distracting, comforting, and disregarding either when they perceived that residents’ reflections on death and dying were part of their illness and disease or when there was a lack of alignment between the residents’ contemplations and the concept of dying well. They indicated that ambivalence and ambiguity toward conversations about death and dying should be taken into consideration in future implementations of knowledge-based palliative care that take place in nursing homes after this project is finalized.
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| 57. |
- Alkestrand, Malin, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Cognitive Analysis of Characters in Swedish and Anglophone Children's Fantasy Literature
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Research in Children's Literature (IRCL). - : Edinburgh University Press. - 1755-6198 .- 1755-6201. ; 11:1, s. 65-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Justice in Young Adult Speculative Fiction, Marek C. Oziewicz argues, 'it is possible to study scripts through the lens of the author's cognition, through the reader's cognition, or as a textual matter with an implied author and reader' (9-10). Here we propose a fourth method for studying scripts in children's literature: as a textual matter. Unlike previous research in the field, we argue that neither the implied author nor the implied or real reader's cognition is necessary for a cognitive analysis to offer insights about a literary text. A cognitive analysis of characters can demonstrate how each character's cognitive embodiment of their intersectional subject position contributes to the progression of a text's plot and themes. By analysing the mimetic, synthetic and thematic dimensions of character (Phelan), we maintain an ontological distinction between humans and characters - a prerequisite for applying cognitive theories to characters. In order to demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach, we analyse the cognitive scripts of the protagonists in two portal-quest fantasies form two different countries. Taliah Pollack's Saga Sward: Omskakare och varldsresenar [Saga Sword: world shaker and traveller] was published in Sweden in 2012; Tahereh Mafi's Furthermore dates from 2016 and was published in the US.
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| 58. |
- Alkestrand, Malin, 1986-
(författare)
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Magiska möjligheter : Harry Potter, Artemis Fowl och Cirkeln i skolans värdegrundsarbete
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan den första Harry Potter-boken publicerades år 1997 har intresset för fantasylitteratur ökat lavinartat. Miljontals barn, ungdomar och vuxna har följt sina mest omtyckta fantasyhjältar och –hjältinnor på deras äventyr in i magiska världar, där verklighetens lagar utmanas, överskrids och ställs på ända. Men vad kan läsare lära sig om sin egen värld via karaktärernas upptäcksresor in i de magiska världarna? Och hur kan fantasylitteratur användas i klassrummet, när verklighetens maktförhållanden diskuteras? Dessa frågor står i centrum för Malin Alkestrands avhandling Magiska möjligheter: Harry Potter, Artemis Fowl och Cirkeln i skolans värdegrundsarbete.Avhandlingen fokuserar på vad tre fantasyserier för barn och ungdomar – J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter-serie (1997–2007), Eoin Colfers Artemis Fowl-serie (2001–2012) samt Mats Strandberg och Sara Bergmark Elfgrens Engelsforstrilogi (2011–2013) – kan lära läsaren om demokrati, mänskliga rättigheter och kulturell mångfald. De tre problemkomplexen utgör en del av skolans värdegrund. Alla lärare inom det svenska skolsystemet, oavsett ämnestillhörighet, har i uppdrag att inkorporera värdegrunden i sin undervisning.Med utgångspunkt i bland annat Viktor Sklovskijs främmandegöringsbegrepp, diskursanalys, intersektionell teori och litteraturdidaktiska teorier undersöker Alkestrand hur de fantasylitterära exemplen problematiserar demokrati, mänskliga rättigheter och kulturell mångfald, samt vilka kopplingar det finns till de värden som definieras i skolans värdegrund. På så sätt undersöks vilken didaktisk potential de aktuella fantasyserierna har i skolans värdegrundsarbete. Avhandlingens huvudtes är att fantasylitteratur utgör en utmärkt utgångspunkt för värdegrundsarbetet, eftersom skildringarna av de magiska världarnas maktförhållande fungerar som allegorier över verklighetens motsvarigheter, samtidigt som de skapar en främmandegörande effekt som hjälper läsaren att betrakta maktfrågor utifrån, med en distanserad blick. Det är i denna dialektik mellan närhet och distans som fantasylitteraturens magiska möjligheter konstitueras.
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| 59. |
- Almahfali, Mohammed, et al.
(författare)
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Human Rights from an Islamic Perspective : A Critical Review of Arabic Peer-Reviewed Articles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-0760. ; 12:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between human rights and Islam is important in countries of the Arab world where religion plays a significant role in public debates and daily life. The topic is particularly relevant at a time of sharpening conflicts and polarization, when forms of government in the region, the current world order, and the legitimacy of international organizations are increasingly contested. Much of the scholarly work published in English on this topic draws on sources available in English. This review, therefore, aims to make a contribution to the field through analysis and discussion of academic papers published in Arabic. A search was made in Google Scholar in April 2022 which yielded 12 publications published in 2020 and 2021, after inclusion and exclusion criteria had been applied. These publications were analyzed drawing on the four framing categories. A summary is also given of the definitions, sources, and premises on which the arguments of the publications draw. The reviewed papers contrast the universal and divine foundation of Islamic human rights with the limitations of modern conceptualizations based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The latter is described as emanating from Western hegemonistic aspirations and as detached from moral and spiritual values. The papers consequently argue that human rights would be guaranteed globally by generalizing a system of governance based on Shari'a law and the ideal of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Little attention is given to human rights abuses observed in Muslim societies, diverse interpretations of Islamic source texts, or concrete measures to improve human rights protections in practice. Importantly, the arguments presented in these papers tend to reinforce a contemporary discourse that frames conflicting visions on human rights as a 'clash of civilisations' between 'Islam' and 'the West'.
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| 60. |
- Almeida, Juan Pablo, et al.
(författare)
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Ectomycorrhizal community composition and function in a spruce forest transitioning between nitrogen and phosphorus limitation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 40, s. 20-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient in boreal ecosystems, but studies in southwest Sweden suggest that certain forests approach phosphorus (P) limitation driven by nitrogen (N) deposition. We added N, P or N + P to a Norway spruce forest in this region, to push the system to N or P limitation. Tree growth and needle nutrient concentrations indicated that the trees are P limited. EMF biomass was reduced only by N + P additions. Soil EMF communities responded more strongly to P than to N. Addition of apatite to ingrowth meshbags altered EMF community composition and enhanced the abundance of Imleria badia in the control and N plots, but not when P was added. The ecological significance of this species is discussed. Effects on tree growth, needle chemistry, and EMF communities indicate a dynamic interaction between EMF fungi and the nutrient status of trees and soils. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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