| 25081. |
- Buckland, Paul C., et al.
(författare)
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Insect faunas from Medieval Langenes in Arctic Norway
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the VIII Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods In Archaeology, Umeå, Sweden, 2001. - : Umeå University. - 917264060X ; , s. 17-32
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cultural sediments containing significant amounts of fish bone at Langenesværet, Vesterålen, Northern Norway provide an opportunity to characterise activity during and prior to the establishment of a late medieval commercial fishing station (fiskevaer). Radiometric and AMS dating techniques are used to establish a chronology for the deposits, while activities associated with the sediments are characterised fossil insect faunas. The results highlight a series of problems with the dating of the heavily disturbed organic deposits of many archaeological sites, and the need for greater care in sample selection and interpretation.
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| 25082. |
- Buckland, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Edlington Wood : using Lidar to put ancient fields and old excavations into their contemporary landscape
- 2020
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Hunter Archaeological Society. - Sheffield : The Hunter Archaeological Society. - 0966-2251. ; 29, s. 84-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Roman sites in Edlington Wood, three miles west-south-west of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, first came to wider notice as a result of finds by the woodman in the 1930s and the material was of sufficient interest for Philip Corder to use it as the basis for a paper in a festschrift to O. G. S. Crawford. Most of these finds and later material were deposited in Doncaster Museum, although others went to the owners and local metal detectorists. In 1970 a threat of quarrying led to a detailed survey of the site by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments and limited excavation on one site. Two large areas within the Wood were cleared but remain as improved grassland. The recent availability of Lidar imagery allows the occupation sites and fragments of field system located by ground survey to be placed in a broader context of small rectangular fields and some attempt at a landscape chronology to be made. The cultivation of the fields in a system of cord rig is discussed.
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| 25083. |
- Buckland, Philip I., et al.
(författare)
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A Database for Egyptian Entomology
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt. - 1110-0885. ; 81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EGBUGS, the Egyptian incarnation of the BUGS Coleopteran Ecology Package is a simple yet highly valuable aid to research and education in the fields of entomology and palaeoentomology. The ability to rapidly look up species habitat and distribution data compiled from various sources in itself saves hours of library and internet searching. Added to this is the ability to query habitat data and produce ecologically defined subsets of the EGBUGS dataset, and rapidly summarise the ecology of species found at a particular site, which again are tasks that would take hours to perform manually. It is hoped that the system will greatly benefit those working in the aforementioned fields, and even inspire others to engage in similar activities. The program can be freely downloaded from the BUGS2000 WWW site at http://www.bugs2000.org, and the authors would be grateful for comments, revisions and new data for entry.
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| 25084. |
- Buckland, Philip I., Dr. 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A re-assessment of numbers. The case of Cantley Kilns 33–4 and 37–9 using EVEs and comparing vessel counts between two sampling events
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Roman Pottery Studies Volume 19. - : Oxbow Books. - 9781789258264 - 9781789258257 ; , s. 147-164
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selective archiving of pottery sherds in museums is rarely analysed with respect to its potential impact on subsequent re-analysis. An undergraduate dissertation on pottery groups from the production site at Cantley provided an opportunity to test this empirically. Two quantification events are thus explored through simple statistical and visualisation methods and the implications of different quantification methods, including the use of EVE (Estimated Vessel Equivalents), discussed.
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| 25085. |
- Buckland, Philip I., Dr. 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Approaches to research data infrastructure for archaeological science
- 2022
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Ingår i: Digital heritage and archaeology in practice. - : University Press of Florida. - 9780813069302 ; , s. 109-134
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant number of archaeology’s Grand Challenges (Kintigh et al. 2014) can only be addressed through access to large amounts of data from multiple research fields, and advanced tools for aggregating, synthesizing and analyzing them. Archaeological research has seen significant developments in the use of databases and database tools since first adopting them in the late 1960s (Lock 2003). The often small scale of archaeological budgets, and the paucity of long-term funding, has meant that cheaper solutions have most often been used. These have ranged from mainstream database management systems through university site licenses and project specific purchases, to independently coded solutions and more recent open source alternatives. The relatively unusual nature and complexity of archaeological science (see Lidén 2017) data has meant that custom database designs have been the norm. The vast majority of these databases have been built to serve single purposes: from simple sample processing archives, to more complete excavation databases or multi-site macrofossil databases. User interfaces, if present, usually reflect these aims rather than provide for wider audiences. Such databases are an extremely important part of how science is now conducted, and, as explained in this chapter, there are considerable advantages to upscaling them towards becoming components in research infrastructure.
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| 25086. |
- Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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BugsCEP, an entomological database twenty-five years on
- 2014
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Ingår i: Antenna (Journal of the Royal Entomological Society). - London : Royal Entomological Society of London. - 0140-1890. ; 38:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25087. |
- Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining Late Quaternary beetle extinctions in the UK using palaeoenvironmental databases for quantitative environmental reconstruction
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The comparison of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records of fossil insects with modern red data books can provide a picture of local extinctions. Buckland & Buckland (2012) performed such a study on the Coleoptera of the British Isles, using the BugsCEP database for the fossil data, and looking at broad chronological divisions. The ecology of these regionally extinct beetles, all of which are extant in other parts of the World, may be used to investigate the environmental and climatic changes which may have lead to their extirpation. This process can be semi-automated and habitats quantified through the use of ecological classification and a database infrastructure which links fossil and modern ecological and climate data (Buckland & Buckland 2006; http://www.bugscep.com). Preliminary results indicate that the majority of extirpated species with mid-Holocene records were dependent on woodland environments (Buckland 2014). These investigations can be refined by using narrower time-slices, interpolating dating evidence and including more comprehensive archaeological dating evidence. The expansion of the analysis to include the full assemblages found in the samples containing the extirpated species also allows for a more comprehensive picture of the long-term relationships between biodiversity, environmental and climatic change and human activity.
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| 25088. |
- Buckland, Philip I., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating human dimensions of Arctic palaeoenvironmental science : SEAD – the strategic environmental archaeology database
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 38:2, s. 345-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental change has a human dimension, and has had so for at least the last 10 000 years. The prehistoric impact of people on the Arctic landscape has occasionally left visible traces, such as house and field structures. More often than not, however, the only evidence available is at the microscopic or geochemical level, such as fossil insect and seed assemblages or changes in the physical and chemical properties of soils and sediments. These records are the subject of SEAD, a multidisciplinary database and software project currently underway at Umeå University, Sweden, which aims to create an online database and set of tools for investigating these traces, as part of an international research infrastructure for palaeoecology and environmental archaeology.
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| 25089. |
- Buckland, Philip I., Dr. 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Mid-Devensian climate and landscape in England : new data from Finningley, South Yorkshire
- 2019
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : Royal Society Publishing. - 2054-5703. ; 6:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there is extensive evidence for the Late Devensian, less is known about Early and Middle Devensian (approx. 110-30 ka) climates and environments in the UK. The Greenland ice-core record suggests the UK should have endured multiple changes, but the terrestrial palaeo-record lacks sufficient detail for confirmation from sites in the British Isles. Data from deposits at Finningley, South Yorkshire, can help redress this. A channel with organic silts, dated 40 314-39 552 cal a BP, contained plant macrofossil and insect remains showing tundra with dwarf-shrub heath and bare ground. Soil moisture conditions varied from free draining to riparian, with ponds and wetter vegetated areas. The climate was probably low arctic with snow cover during the winter. Mutual climatic range (MCR), based on Coleoptera, shows the mean monthly winter temperatures of -22 to -2 degrees C and summer ones of 8-14 degrees C. Periglacial structures within the basal gravel deposits and beyond the glacial limits indicate cold-climate conditions, including permafrost. A compilation of MCR reconstructions for other Middle Devensian English sites shows that marine isotope stage 3-between 59 and 28 ka-experienced substantial variation in climate consistent with the Greenland ice-core record. The exact correlation is hampered by temporal resolution, but the Finningley site stadial at approximately 40 ka may correlate with the one of the Greenland stadials 7-11.
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| 25090. |
- Buckland, Philip I., 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Paleoentomology : Insects and other Arthropods in Environmental Archaeology
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. - New York, NY : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9781441904263 - 9781441904652 ; , s. 5740-5755
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insects are the most diverse group of animals on the planet, and as suchare present in a wider variety of habitats than most other organism groups.This diversity, in addition to a long evolutionary history (Grimaldi &Engel 2005), and together with a propensity to be preserved in both desiccatingand anaerobic environments, has provided an excellent tool for thereconstruction of both Quaternary and more immediate archaeologicalenvironments. Insect remains often provide proxy environmental information onthe immediate context from which the fossils are derived, and as such may beeither complementary to the more regional picture provided by palynology orindicate site conditions, such as levels of hygiene and evidence of tradingconnections, which are rarely available from any other palaeoecological source.They therefore provide information on a broad range of habitats and conditions,on- and off-site, and in addition, in appropriate contexts, also climate.Processing of samples is essentially simple, requiring readily availablematerials, yet is time consuming, and identification of the usuallydisarticulated fragments (sclerites) requires diligence and patience and accessto well curated reference collections. Fortunately, abundant literature,computer software and database tools now exist to aid in their interpretation.
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