| 1. |
- Johansson, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative life cycle assessment and toxicity evaluation of impregnated railway sleepers
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of impregnated wooden sleepers is presented in this report. The included impregnation oils are linseed oil and creosote, and the environmental aspects considered here are climate change, ecotoxicity, human toxicity and the use of fossil resources. The results of the LCA indicate that the carbon footprint of the linseed oil sleeper is equal to or higher than the carbon footprint of creosote. The main contributors to the linseed oil’s carbon footprint are emissions of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide from the use of fertilizers on the farmland and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels used in tractors, lorries and for the production of steam and electricity used in the production process. Considering the ecotoxicity and human toxicity, the results indicate that the creosote sleeper performs worse than the linseed oil sleeper, which might be expected. However, depending on how the environmental burdens of linseed oil, linseed cake and straw are allocated between them (mass or economical allocation) the results for the linseed oil sleeper vary to a large extent. The results are associated with some uncertainties: for example, no full-scale production plant for linseed oil sleepers exist today meaning that the input data to some extents are based on estimations. To reduce the carbon footprint of sleepers impregnated with linseed oil, a few measures were identified.For example, by changing from diesel in tractors and trucks in the agriculture of linseed, as well as natural gas in the production process to renewable fuels. The carbon footprint can also be decreased by reusing the sleepers after their use phase.
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| 2. |
- Bohannon, Richard W., et al.
(författare)
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Consolidated reference values for grip strength of adults 20 to 49 years : a descriptive meta-analysis
- 2006
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Ingår i: Isokinetics and exercise science. - 0959-3020 .- 1878-5913. ; 14:3, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Building on a previous meta-analysis, this study focused on the utility of consolidating grip strength data from apparently healthy subjects 20-49 years of age. All data were obtained using a Jamar dynamometer and procedures generally consistent with the recommendations of the American Society of Hand Therapists. The meta-analysis revealed that the seven sources provided homogeneous data (Q = 0.21 -0.81, p ≥ 0.667) for the left and right sides of men and women subjects. Means and confidence intervals are provided that can be used to interpret the normality of grip strength obtained from men and women 20-49 years of age. By consolidating the data from multiple studies conducted in five countries, a better overall estimate of normal is obtained. Providing reference values for three decades combined simplifies normative comparisons.
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| 3. |
- Frenne, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic time histories from vibrating surfaces of a diesel engine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X. ; 67:3, s. 230-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experiment on a diesel engine provides for validation of a method that retrieves source strength spectra, source strength time histories and sound pressure time histories of the engine's complex partial sources. The method is based on empirical transfer function measurements and inverse matrix calculations briefly described in the article. Different simplifying source models were selected by comparison of calculated and measured auto spectra. The results show: (1) indication of time efficient measurements of source strength spectra, (2) the importance of correct source models in the case of separated source strength time histories, and (3) spectra of separated sound pressure time histories. Listening tests reported that it is possible to detect well differentiated sounds of the partial sources as a result of the method.
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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High dairy fat intake related to less central obesity : A male cohort study with 12 years' follow-up
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 31:2, s. 89-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study associations between dairy fat intake and development of central obesity. Design. A prospective population-based cohort study with two surveys 12 years apart. Setting. Nine municipalities selected from different parts of Sweden representing the rural areas in the country. Subjects. 1782 men (farmers and non-farmers) aged 40-60 years at baseline participated in a baseline survey (participation rate 76%) and 1589 men participated at the follow-up. 116 men with central obesity at baseline were excluded from the analyses. Main outcome measures. Central obesity at follow-up defined as waist hip ratio >= 1. Results. 197 men (15%) developed central obesity during follow-up. A low intake of dairy fat at baseline (no butter and low fat milk and seldom/never whipping cream) was associated with a higher risk of developing central obesity (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.24) and a high intake of dairy fat (butter as spread and high fat milk and whipping cream) was associated with a lower risk of central obesity (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.83) as compared with medium intake (all other combinations of spread, milk, and cream) after adjustment for intake of fruit and vegetables, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, age, education, and profession. The associations between dairy fat intake and central obesity were consistent across body mass index categories at baseline. Conclusion. A high intake of dairy fat was associated with a lower risk of central obesity and a low dairy fat intake was associated with a higher risk of central obesity.
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| 5. |
- Jha, Paridhi, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of Childbirth Experience Questionnaire 2 in Karnataka state, India
- 2023
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Women's birthing experience is a sensitive indicator of the quality of childbirth care and can impact the physical and mental health of both women and their neonates. Negligible evidence exists on Indian women's birth experiences and-to the best of authors' knowledge-no questionnaire has been tested in India for measuring women's birthing experiences. This study aimed to test the construct validity and reliability of the Kannada-translated Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among postnatal women (n = 251, up to six months postpartum, with a live healthy neonate) who had given birth at a public or private health facility using the Kannada-translated CEQ2 in two districts of Karnataka. Data were collected at participants' homes after seeking written informed consent. Model fit was determined by Confirmatory Factor Analyses. RESULTS: The 4-factor model of the CEQ2 showed good fit after deletion of one item (item 8, subcategory "participation") with CMIN = 1.33; SRMR = 0.04; GFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.037 and p value 0.002). The Cronbach alpha values were acceptable for the four subscales (0.92, 0.93, 0.97, 0.91) as well as for the overall 21-item scale (0.84). CONCLUSIONS: The Kannada-translated CEQ2 is a reliable tool to measure the childbirth experiences among Kannada-speaking women and can serve as a reliable ongoing evaluation of women's birth experiences.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Anders
(författare)
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China's financial market integration with the world
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 1476-5284 .- 1476-5292. ; 8:3, s. 293-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly argued that China's financial markets are effectively insulated from the rest of the world. To see if this is true, and to better understand China's financial development, we analyse China's integration with major financial markets. Using conditional copulas, we show that China has experienced an increasing level of integration with several major financial markets during the last decade, albeit at a slow pace and from very low levels. Furthermore, the level of integration has increased with several major markets during the global financial crisis. The results and possible reasons for the increasing integration are analysed and the implications for policymakers and market participants are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Re-randomization strategies for balancing covariates using pre-experimental longitudinal data
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper considers experimental design based on the strategy of rerandomization to increase the effciency in experiments. Two aspects of rerandomization are addressed. First, we propose a two-stage allocation sample scheme for randomization inference to the units of the experiments in balanced experiments that guarantees that the difference-in-mean estimator is an unbiased estimator of SATE for any experiment, conserves the exactness of randomization inference, and halves the time consumption of the rerandomization design. Second, we propose a rank-based covariate balance measure which can take into account the estimated relative weight of each covariate. Several strategies for estimating these weights using pre-experimental data are proposed. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the proposed strategies are compared to complete randomization and Mahalanobis-based rerandomization. An empirical example is given where the power of a mean difference test of the electricity consumption of 54 households is increased by 99%, in comparison to complete randomization, using one of the proposed designs based on high frequency longitudinal electricity consumption data.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Per
(författare)
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Svampar och epifytiska lavar i gotländska lövmarker
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under 1996 påbörjades en heltäckande kartering av gotlands lövmarker. Karteringen sker från IR-fygbilder och omfattar alla slags lövmarker: skogar, hagmark, ängar, och gårdsmiljöer, med mer än 50 % lövinslag och som är större än ett halvt hektar. I ett urval av de karterade områdena inventerades svampar och epifytiska lavar under 1996-1997. Syftet var att erhålla bättre uppgifter om förekomst och utbredning för de här relativt dåligt kända grupperna på Gotland. Totalt har över 4300 uppgifter om 370 olika lavar och svampar samlats in. Drygt 1500 upgifter avser rödlistade arter, sammanlagt mer än 70 stycken.Rödlistade lavar påträffades på 96 % och rödlistade svampar på 70 % av de inventerade lokalerna.
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