| 9981. |
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| 9982. |
- Hammar, Björn, 1967-
(författare)
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Thomas Hobbes y las metonimias del Estado moderno
- 2010
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Ingår i: Pasajes. Revista de pensamiento contemporáneo. - Valencia : Publicacions Universitat de Valencia / Fundación Cañada Blanch. - 1575-2259. ; :32, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9983. |
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| 9984. |
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| 9985. |
- Hammar, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Unrecognized myocardial infarctions assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance are associated with the severity of the stenosis in the supplying coronary artery
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. - : BioMed Central. - 1097-6647 .- 1532-429X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A previous study has shown an increased prevalence of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance (LGE CMR) detected unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) with increasing extent and severity of coronary artery disease. However, the coronary artery disease was evaluated on a patient level assuming normal coronary anatomy. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of UMI identified by LGE CMR imaging in patients with stable angina pectoris and no known previous myocardial infarction; and to investigate whether presence of UMI is associated with stenotic lesions in the coronary artery supplying the segment of the myocardium in which the UMI is located, using coronary angiography to determine the individual coronary anatomy in each patient.Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, we included patients with stable angina pectoris and without prior myocardial infarction, scheduled for coronary angiography. A LGE CMR examination was performed prior to the coronary angiography. The study cohort consisted of 235 patients (80 women, 155 men) with a mean age of 64.8 years.Results: UMIs were found in 25 % of patients. There was a strong association between stenotic lesions (>= 70 % stenosis) in a coronary artery and the presence of an UMI in the myocardial segments supplied by the stenotic artery; it was significantly more likely to have an UMI downstream a stenosis >= 70 % as compared to <70 % (OR 5.1, CI 3.1-8.3, p < 0.0001). 56 % of the UMIs were located in the inferior and infero-lateral myocardial segments, despite predominance for stenotic lesions in the left anterior descending artery.Conclusion: UMI is common in patients with stable angina and the results indicate that the majority of the UMIs are of ischemic origin due to severe coronary atherosclerosis. In contrast to what is seen in recognized myocardial infarctions, UMIs are predominately located in the inferior and infero-lateral myocardial segments.
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| 9986. |
- Hammer, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of therapeutic riding (Sweden)/hippotherapy (United States) : a single-subject experimental design study replicated in eleven patients with multiple sclerosis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 21:1, s. 51-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether therapeutic riding (TR, Sweden) hippotherapy (HT, United States) may affect balance, gait, spasticity, functional strength, coordination, pain, self-rated level of muscle tension (SRLMT), activities of daily living (ADL), and health-related quality of life. Eleven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied in a single-subject experimental design iSSED) study, type A-B-A. The intervention comprised ten weekly TR/HT sessions of 30 minutes each. The subjects were measured a maximum of 13 times. Physical tests were: the Berg balance scale, talking a figure of eight, the timed up and go test, 10 m walking, the modified Ashworth scale, the Index of Muscle Function, the Birgitta Lindmark motor assessment, part B, and individual measurements. Self-rated measures were. the Visual Analog Scale for pain, a scale for SRLMT, the Patient-Specific Functional Scale for ADL, and the SF-36. Data were analyzed visually, semi-statistically and considering clinical significance. Results showed improvement for ten subjects in one or more of the variables, particularly balance, and some improvements were also seen in pain, muscle tension, and ADL. Changes in SF-36 were mostly positive, with an improvement in Role-Emotional seen in eight patients. Conclusively, balance and Role-Emotional were the variables most often improved, but TR/HT appeared to benefit the subjects differently.
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| 9987. |
- Hammer, Ann M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of forced use on arm function in the subacute phase after stroke : a randomized, clinical pilot study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - Alexandria, VA. : American Physical Therapy Association. - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 89:6, s. 526-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Following stroke, it is common to exhibit motor impairments and decreased use of the upper limb. The objective of the present study was to evaluate forced use on arm function during the subacute phase after stroke.DESIGN: A comparison of standard rehabilitation only and standard rehabilitation together with a restraining sling was made through a randomized, nonblinded, clinical pilot trial with assessments before intervention, after intervention, and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups.SETTING: The present study took place at the departments of rehabilitation medicine, geriatrics, and neurology at a university hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 30 people 1 to 6 months (mean, 2.4 mo) after stroke was randomized into 2 groups (forced-use group and standard training group) of 15 people each. Twenty-six participants completed the 3-month follow-up.INTERVENTION: All participants received their standard rehabilitation program with training 5 days per week for 2 weeks as inpatients or outpatients. The forced-use group also wore a restraining sling on the nonparetic arm with a target of 6 hours per day.MEASUREMENTS: The Fugl-Meyer (FM) test, the Action Research Arm Test, the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) (sum of scores for the upper limb), a 16-hole peg test (16HPT), a grip strength ratio (paretic hand to nonparetic hand), and the Modified Ashworth Scale were used to obtain measurements. RESULTS: The changes in the forced-use group did not differ from the changes in the standard training group for any of the outcome measures. Both groups improved over time, with statistically significant changes in the FM test (mean score changed from 52 to 57), MAS (mean score changed from 10.1 to 12.4), 16HPT (mean time changed from >92 seconds to 60 seconds), and grip strength ratio (mean changed from 0.40 to 0.55).LIMITATIONS: The limitations of this pilot study include an extended study time, a nonblinded assessor, a lack of control of treatment content, and a small sample size.CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present pilot study did not support forced use as a reinforcement of standard rehabilitation in the subacute phase after stroke. Forced use did not generate greater improvements with regard to motor impairment and capacity than standard rehabilitation alone. The findings of this effectiveness study will be used to help design future clinical trials with the aim of revealing a definitive conclusion regarding the clinical implementation of forced use for upper-limb rehabilitation.
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| 9988. |
- Hammer, Ann M., et al.
(författare)
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Is forced use of the paretic upper limb beneficial? : A randomized pilot study during subacute post-stroke recovery
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - London : Sage Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 23:5, s. 424-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the effect of two weeks of forced use of the paretic upper limb, as a supplement to the rehabilitation programme in the subacute phase after stroke, on self-rated use of that limb.Design: A randomized, non-blind, parallel group, clinical, before-and-after trial. A forced use group and a conventional group were followed up one and three months after intervention.Setting: In- and outpatient units of rehabilitation at a University Hospital.Subjects: Thirty patients were allocated to two groups, 15 in each, 1-6 months (mean 2.4) after stroke onset. Twenty-six patients completed the study.Interventions: The patients of both groups participated in two weeks of daily training on weekdays. In addition, the forced use group wore a restraining sling on the non-paretic arm for up to 6 hours per weekday.Main measure: The Motor Activity Log; patients scored 0-5 for 30 daily tasks concerning both amount of use and quality of movement.Results: The forced use group tended to achieve larger improvements immediately post-intervention, but this was not clearly demonstrated. The small differences also levelled out up to the three-month follow-up, with both groups earning an approximately 1.0 score point on both scales of the Motor Activity Log.Conclusions: This pilot study did not reveal any additional benefit of forced use on self-rated performance in daily use of the paretic upper limb. Both groups performed fairly extensive, active training with a similar duration, amount and content.
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| 9989. |
- Hammer, Ann M., 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Responsiveness and validity of the Motor Activity Log in patients during the subacute phase after stroke
- 2010
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - London, United Kingdom : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 32:14, s. 1184-1193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate the responsiveness and cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the Motor Activity Log (MAL) in the subacute phase after stroke.Method: Data were collected pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up evaluations from 30 patients with stroke participating in a randomized trial of forced use. Assessments included MAL, the Fugl-Meyer test, the 16-hole peg test, grip strength, the Action Research Arm Test, and the Motor Assessment Scale. Measurements of responsiveness were effect size, standardized response mean (SRM), and responsiveness ratio (RR). Relationships between the MAL and the other measures were determined with Spearman correlations.Results: The MAL is responsive to change, with effect size, SRM, and RR ›1.0 at the 3-month follow-up, and SRM and RR ›1.0 at post-intervention. Correlations at the separate test occasions between MAL and the other measures were mostly close to 0.50, which shows fair to moderate construct validity. Correlations between changes in MAL and in the other measures were weaker than cross-sectional relationships.Conclusions: The MAL is a responsive measure of daily hand use in patients participating in rehabilitation in the subacute phase after stroke. Correlations of construct validity indicate that daily hand use may need to be measured separately from body function and activity capacity, in line with the underlying constructs of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. To strengthen our findings, they should be repeated in larger samples of patients.
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| 9990. |
- Han, Mengjie, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-urban location of stores and labour turnover in retail
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Review of Retail Distribution & Consumer Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0959-3969 .- 1466-4402. ; 29:4, s. 359-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to analyse labour turnover in retail firms with stores in different city locations. This case study of a Swedish mid-sized city uses comprehensive longitudinal register data on individuals. In a first step, an unconditional descriptive analysis shows that labour turnover in retail is higher in out-of-town locations, compared to more central locations in the city. In a second step, a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis is conducted where labour turnover in downtown and out-of-town locations are compared. Firm internal and industry factors, as well as employee characteristics, and location-specific factors are controlled for. The results indicate that commuting costs and intra-urban location have no statistically significant effect on labour turnover in retail firms. Instead, firm internal factors, such as human resource management, has a major influence on labour turnover rates. The findings indicate that in particular firms with multiple locations may need to pay extra attention to work conditions across stores in different places in a city, in order to avoid diverging levels of labour mobility. This paper complements previous survey-based studies on labour turnover by using a comprehensive micro-level dataset to analyse revealed rather than stated preferences concerning job-to-job mobility. An elaborated measure of labour turnover is used to analyse differences between shopping areas in different locations within the city. The particular research design used in this paper makes it possible to isolate the effect of intra-organizational conditions by analysing mobility within firms with workplaces in both downtown and out-of-town locations. This is the first comprehensive study of labour turnover and mobility with an intra-urban perspective in the retail sector.
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